Thursday, January 23, 2020
Finding Mass Using The Inertial Balance :: essays research papers
Finding Mass Using the Inertial Balance Theory: Physics can be referred to as the study of various properties of matter and energy. Matter can best be described by looking at the mass of an object. Mass is the amount of material that is in an object. Mass can be found by using a spring scale, a balance scale, or an inertial balance. Inertia is the resistance by mass to any change in its state of motion. Scientific Law states that mass and inertial forces are directly proportional. The purpose of the inertial balance is to measure the different inertias between different masses therefore providing a mathematical and very accurate method of measuring mass. Experimentation showed that if a mass was put into some form of periodic motion, the mass could be measured fairly accurately by measuring the oscillation period and comparing it to a known mass period. The relationship m1=m2T12/T22 was discovered. Objective: After completing the experiment, we will be able to find the mass of objects using an inertial balance and compare them to accepted measures. Materials: C-clamps, inertial scale, a watch with a second hand, and a triple beam balance. Procedure: 1) The class will measure the period of oscillation of their balance pans when they are empty. The accepted period will be the average of the class. To find the period, you will measure the amount of time it takes for your balance to complete 20 oscillations. The period (T) will be computed by taking your time and dividing it by 20. This will be recorded as T2. 2) You will then measure the mass of your empty pan (including all screws) and record this as m2. 3)     You will then measure the mass of one c-clamp. Record this as m1 accepted. 4)     Using the inertial balance, find the time it would take for 20 oscillations of the c-clamp (which should be attached to the empty pan). Divide your time by 20 and record this as T1. 5)     Find the experimental mass of both the c-clamp and the empty pan by using the formula from page one. Record this as mtotal. 6)     Find the difference between the mtotal and m2 and record this as m1experimental. 7)     In a utopian world, m1 experimental should equal m1 accepted. 8)     Find your percent error by using the following formula: % Error = (accepted-experimental) / accepted 9)     Repeat using varying amounts of c-clamps for up to three trials. Data: Trial #     T2     M2     M1 accepted     T1     Mtotal     M1 experimental 1     .2     67.9     122.9     .3     152     84.1 2     .2     67.9     248.4     .35     207.9     140 3     .2     67.9     382     .45     393.74     275.84 M1 accepted     M1 experimental     % Error 122.9     84.1     31.6% 248.4     140     43.6% 382     275.48     27.88% Calculations: See last page.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
11 Compare And Contrast Different Organisational Essay
Organizational structures Organizational structure is a system used to define a hierarchy within an organization. It identifies each job, its function and where it reports to within the organization. (Lucy Friend, 2009) There are several organizational structures; however, the type of structure in an organization depends on aim, size of the business, and industry. Carefully chosen structures will improve the communication throughout the organization. Types of Organizational Structures Functional Structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization tend to perform a specialized set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. (Sutton, 2012) Matrix Structures Matrix Structure is an organizational structure in which workers have to report to more than one party, as having two or three supervisors at the same time. For example, the workers working at factories have to report to different managers including production managers and marketing managers and sometimes to project managers if a separate project is going on. Divisional Structure The divisional structure groups each organizational function into divisions. Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. Organizational culture Organizational culture is an idea in the field of Organizational studies and management, which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs, and values of an organization. It can be defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization. This definition continues to explain organizational values also known as â€Å"beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organization should pursue and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of behaviour organizational members should use to achieve these goals. (Cheng, 1995). Types of organizational culture: Power Culture In the organizations, where power culture is used the authorization to make decisions are only given to few employees. Those employees are the ones who enjoy the benefits at the workplace also have to delegate their power to the other employees. In such organizations, employees have no other option but to follow the managers or supervisors instructions. Furthermore, employees cannot give their view and ideas and this leads to de-motivated labours and finally labours turn over in the organization increases. (Mullins, 2005) Role Culture This is a culture where every staff is assign with roles and responsibilities according to the specialized area, qualification, and interest of the employee in order to get the best out of the employee. This helps the organization to improve their productivity, as employees are good at their job. Today role culture is very common in organizations and it is very suitable for large organizations. (Mullins, 2005) Task Culture In Task Culture Organization forms a group in order to achieve the targets or to solve a specific problem. The organization that practices this culture put together four to five employees in a group who are specialized in similar areas also sharing similar interests. The common goal of each member is to contribute as many ideas as possible to complete the task in an effective way. For example, a company can use team culture in a period where the company is losing market share to identify the reasons behind and to improve whatever is wrong. 1.2 Explain how the relationship between organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business The organizational structure and the organizational culture have the relationship to each other and they are the backbone of the organization. The both organization can affect progress of the organization. It can bring the stability and social system in the organization. . In organization having culture and structure strange there will be working environment also provides appropriate standards of working environment. The organization has different policies rules and regulations that how to communicate with the employee. The organization also shows about the responsibilities that who will report to whom mean who will be responsible to whom majority in this kind of organization tasks a good decision foe the company. Culture and structure has also some drawbacks on the business progress. If the organization culture is too much complex then in the organization decision will be very slow and also there will be centralized decision making in which the lower level employee’s will not be entertained. Organizational framework and way of lifestyle can impact progress of organization in the precious and in the adverse way. In the precious way it distinguish the organization to the one, which don’t have a way of lifestyle and framework. It explains the restriction of the firm (Bond et al. 1996). It provides a feeling of certificate among the employees to know each other for the success and success of goals. It can carry balance and team system in the organization. In any organization having way of lifestyle and framework unusual there will be workplace also provides appropriate requirements of workplace. 1.3 Discuss the factors which Influence individual behaviour at work Individual behaviour explain why a person behaves and reacts in response to different situation therefore in order to get a better understanding about the behaviour, organizations have to be well aware of the main factors which affects individual behaviour at work. (Balmer, Baum, 1993) There are many terms and factors, which influence the behaviour. They are demographic factors, Perception, Abilities and skills, Attitude, and Personality. Demographic factors Demographic factors are a population of the quantifiable statistics. Demographics are also used to identify the study of quantifiable subsets within a given population, which characterize that population at a specific point in time. It is mostly used in public opinion polling and the marketing. It includes the gender, age, and ethnicity, knowledge of the languages, disabilities, mobility, home ownership employment status, and even the location. Perception The perception is the cognitive process that is meant for the interpreting the environmental stimuli in a different ways. A lot of the factors influence the perception of the individual behaviours. The manager plays the important roles in the study of the perception. It is very essential for the managers to make the favourable environment so that employees perceive them in the favourable ways. Abilities and skills Ability and the skills were highly influenced by the individual’s behaviours and the performance. The ability is the capacity of an individual to do something and the skills is defined as the ability to act in a way that allows a person to perform well. The individual can perform well in the organization if his abilities and the skills are bringing together in his job description. Attitude The attitudes can be defined as a tendency to respond the favourably or unfavourably to the certain objects, persons or situations. The formation of attitude is influenced by factors such as family, culture, society, peers and organizational factors. The organization need to study the variables information that is related to their jobs so they can create the work environment in a favourable way so the employees give their best efforts to perform best in the organization. Attitudes are either positive or negative. The employees can perform best in the organization if they form a positive attitude. (Mullins, 2001) Personality The personality is the study of the characteristics and distinctive traits of an individuals and the inter-reaction between them and the way in which a person responds and adjusts to other people situations. The heredity, family, society, culture and the situation are influenced by the personality.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Criminal Justice System Respond to Illicit Drugs - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2858 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Drugs Essay Did you like this example? Illicit drugs in Australia has been a concern for many years and targeted in many forms via politics and media. But what are the real harms and cost of illegal drug use in Australia? Does the drug issue relate to crime and increase drug related crime? Much research has been done on illegal drugs and how best to combat the problem. Should we be tough on drugs or take a step back with a more humane approach? The criminal justice system has approached this problem via many angles and is still working towards a system that works. It could be that the solution to the illicit drug problem could in fact be a mix of many strategies. This essay will examine the past and current trends in the criminal justice system and to analyse the strengths and the weaknesses involved. Research by the Australian Institute of Criminology (2004) has outlined the impact of illicit drugs on society. Many people assume there is a direct correlation between drugs and crime and this research undertaken in fact shows that drug use and crime have similar origins. Origins such as poor social support systems, difficultly in school, association with deviant peer groups and lack of access to economic support systems are the main similarities with drug users and criminals. The results of this research have opened our eyes to the direct link and the magnitude of the illicit drug problem. It is not possible to quantify the exact cost of illicit drug use to the Australian community. However, some components can be measured directly, such as government expenditure through the National Illicit Drug Strategy (NDIS), but many of the social costs borne by the community, such as the extra cost of welfare, health and law and order services, can only be estimated. In addition, a number of costs associated with illicit drug use are not quantifiable, such as pain and suffering resulting from a reduced quality of life. Nevertheless a number of studies attempt to quantify some of the costs of dr ug use, including social costs. Many also examine how these costs compare with the costs of licit drug use in the community (Burton, K 2004). Statistics from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare have discovered that Marijuana/cannabis accounted for 71% of illicit drug arrests in 2004–05. Further, in 2005, one in 10 prisoners was imprisoned for drug-related offences and finally in 2003–04, 88% of juvenile detainees had used an illicit substance 6 months prior to arrest and 70% were intoxicated at the time of offence. The Australian criminal justice system currently has two approaches to the illicit drug (for clarification, the definition of Illicit Drugs means a drug whose production, sale or possession is prohibited) problem. Prohibition and harm minimisation which will be discussed below. In short, the main aim of prohibition of drugs is to implement legislation and laws as a common means of attempting to control drug use. On the other hand we have har m minimisation which includes a range of targeted strategies designed to reduce drug-related harm for particular individuals and communities. It aims to reduce the harmful consequences of drugs when consumption cannot be further reduced. Drug laws have not stopped people using drugs, all it has done is create a multi-million dollar illegal market and fuel criminal acts to support such addictions. However, the economic costs associated with harmful drug use, including prevention, treatment, loss of productivity in the workplace, property crime, theft, accidents and law-enforcement activities, amount to over $18 billion annually (Collins Lapsley 1996). Which proves that the drug prohibition is not effective and another approach needs to be introduced. Prohibition is increasingly regarded as flawed in principle and a resounding failure in practice (Wodak Owens, 1996). When the drug laws in Australia were first introduced they came through prohibition instead of regulation. The argument was, that once something evil was banned, the problem was solved. This was not the case as banning such illegal drugs has only made the productions of same increase and created the role of drug traffickers and an illegal underworld to make and distribute such drugs through illegal avenues. As Wodak and Owens stated: â€Å"Focusing on drug use rather than drug-related harm is like concentrating on a mirage (p. 9)†In summary, prohibition has been somewhat successful in raising the health, social and economic costs of drug use. However, each year with technological change, geopolitical developments and the new trade environment make the job of prohibition even harder. On 2 April 1985 Australia officially adopted another view on illegal drugs and this approach was known as harm minimisation. This approach involves supply reduction, demand reduction and harm reduction. Harm minimisation has approached the drug use problem by introducing such schemes as information to drug users about how to safely use drugs and supervised injection rooms for users. Extensive consultation and collaboration between these services and police have been important in their success in reducing the spread of blood borne viruses in the community. Governments do not condone illegal risk behaviours such as injecting drug use: they acknowledge that these behaviours occur and that they have a responsibility to develop and implement public health and law-enforcement measures designed to reduce the harm that such behaviours can cause (Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy 1998:46). Harm minimisation encourages change in our attitudes towards people who use drugs including those who are physically and psychologically dependant on illegal drugs. However, whether this is an effective approach is a common argument. One advantage is the fact that Australia does have the lowest reported rate of HIV infection in the world which is evidence alone that harm minimisation approach c an work in the community. Harm minimisation can best be viewed in context of community safety and this is an approach to drug use to help keep people safe when they choose to use drugs. One important policy intervention that has gained increased prominence in recent years is the diversion of drug and drug related (crimes committed while under the influence of drugs) offenders. Aimed at deterring, educating or treating the causes of drug dependence, diversion involves the use of the criminal justice system to provide alternative responses, including referral to drug treatment. The main aim of prohibition of drugs is to implement legislation and laws as a common means of attempting to control drug use. On the other hand harm minimisation recognizes the need to seek a balance between supply reduction (disrupt both the supply of illicit drugs entering Australia and the production and distribution of illicit drugs within Australia), demand reduction (reduce the desire for and prepa redness to obtain and use drugs) and harm reduction strategies (reduce the impacts of drug-related harm on individuals and communities). Recently harm minimisation took on another strategy known as a diversionary scheme. In April 2009 the Council of Australian Government (COAG) endorsed the National Illicit Drugs Strategy (NDIS) package, providing over $111,536,000 to create a ‘tough on drugs’ initiative that gives priority to diverting illicit drug offenders into treatment. Guidelines were created for States and Territories to divert minor illicit drug offenders into assessment, education and treatment at many levels of the criminal justice system. The aim was to reduce the amount f offenders that appear before the court for possession of illicit drugs , provide incentives for minor offenders to address their drug use and increase access to drug education and treatment. This strategy is based on a harm minimisation approach which refers to policies and programs aime d at reducing drug-related harm and protecting the community and users. Dr Woolridge (past Federal Health Minister)1999 has stated that it is clinically proven that if you can reach a drug user before the addiction becomes full-blown that you have a better chance of stopping the drug use. Taking this approach statistics have shown that as of July 2007, there were 51 programs that divert drug and drug related offenders: * 69% of programs have been introduced since 2000. * 59% were funded by the Coalition of Australian Governments’ Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative. * 31% involved police diversion, 22% court diversion, 18% drug court diversion and 29% were mixed. * 33% of programs targeted drug use/possession offence(s), 12% drug related offence(s) and 55% any offence(s). 45% of programs targeted adults, 27. 5% youth and 27. 5% mixed. * 49% resulted in assessment and compulsory treatment, 17% assessment and voluntary treatment, 9% cautions and referrals to education sessions , 20% warning/formal caution/family group conference, and 8% a fine or optional attendance at an education session (Hughes Ritter 2008) To date each state and territory has created and implemented their own diversionary and harm minimisation measures to tackle the illicit drug problems. Each state and territory have varying programs which may be somewhat different to each of the other states. Some programs may be easier to access, others may only cater for a specific group (ie indigenous people or juveniles). However, they all have the same major programs available as outlined below. According to the Australian Institute of Criminology there are 5 types of drug-diversionary programs currently in use across Australia. Within each of these areas of criminal justice there are a number of diversionary programs available. These initiatives can be divided into groups, depending on their position along the criminal justice continuum. Starting with the pre-arrest phase the most impor tant diversionary measures is police discretion where officers can detect the offence but not lay charges and provide further information to the offender about how to manage and drug problems and refer them in the right direction. Other measures in place are infringement notices, informal warnings, formal caution and caution plus intervention (where counseling/information sessions must be attended). Police drug diversion –at the front end are the various police based drug diversion programs offer drug education and assessment for those individuals with minor possession offences relating to cannabis or other illicit substances. Next step on the criminal justice continuum is the Pre-trial stage where a charge is made but before the matter is heard at court. Here we have options like treatment as a bail condition, conferencing or prosecutor discretion (where treatment is offered as an alternative to proceeding with prosecution). These programs are at court level and are pr imarily bail-based programs to provide assessment and short term treatment options for less serious offenders who criminal behaviour is related to their illicit drug use. The next stage is Pre-sentence which is after conviction but before sentencing, this stage includes such measures as delay of sentence where offender may be assessed or treated. Post-conviction/sentence includes the process of sentencing. Diversionary measures can include suspended sentences requiring complying with conditions such as treatment, avoidance of drugs and specific peer groups. At this stage offenders can also be referred to the Drug Courts which are judicially supervised and enforced treatment programs which offer long-term initiative treatment for offenders who drug dependency is a key contributor to their offending. The final stage where diversionary measures can be utlised is in the Pre-release stage which is prior to the release from goal on parole. Options here include transfers to drug treatme nt programs or early release to attend a supervised treatment program. Even though the diversionary programs vary between jurisdictions, for example, in some states police can only caution first time offenders or juveniles and in other jurisdictions diversion is available for any offender caught with drugs, irrespective of age or criminal history. According to the National Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative (IDDI) the findings were generally very positive. Across all jurisdictions , the majority of people who were referred into the IDDI program did not reoffend in the 12 to 18 month period after their diversion. In most cases, those that did reoffend did so only once during this time. Payne et al, 2008). The cost of the various police diversion programs is significant. However, if these initiatives are achieving such their objectives, such costs should be more than offset by the benefits of accruing to the community through a reduction of illicit drug use and related offending and reduced case loads for the criminal justice system. There has been only one study (Baker Goh 2004) that has examined the cost-effectiveness of diversion. The results demonstrated positive results in savings to the criminal justice system. In the first three years of operation it was estimated that over 18,000 police hours were saved as a result of not having to charge offenders at the time of detection, prepare matters for court and attend subsequent hearings. Baker and Goh also calculated that the scheme resulted in total savings of well over $1million dollars during the first 3 years of operation. In the years following the development of the IDDI, researchers (most notably the Alcohol and Other Drugs Council of Australia, ADCA), outlined the benefits of and challenges to expanding the drug diversion and harm minimisation approach. Over coming the political perception that drug diversion was a ‘soft’ option (Hughes, C 2007). While the â€Å"Tough on Drugs Div ersion Initiative’ was seen by policy makers as heralding a more humane response and more harm minimisation approach, the expression and framing of the program was that this was not the case. As John Howard said: â€Å"in no way does it [drug diversion] retreat from our ‘Tough on Drugs’ philosophy, our zero tolerance approach†. So the point that the Government are portraying is that illicit drug use is still against the law however, if someone has psychological, health and social problems, you don’t belong in jail. If the problem is drug use, than that problem must be tackled in order to decrease the social impacts of illicit drug use and to prevent a new generation of drug-users committing drug related crime (Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2004). One of the positive outcomes of the harm minimisation/drug diversion initiatives is that is has now encouraged the collaboration of health and law enforcement services. Which were once two very separate divisions have combined forces to tackle the issue of illicit drug use and have broken down the barriers that once segregated the divisions as traditionally the health and justice systems have had little to do with each other with no referral pathway between them. Diversion programs are gradually changing this (Tresidder, J 2003). In conclusion after observing that the prohibition of drugs has not made any significant impact on the use of illicit drugs in society the harm minimisation approach was initiated. This approach was further developed and the drug diversion scheme was created to target the problem in return for long term solutions to protect the drug users and community from each other. Research has shown that this has been successful to some degree however it has come across as somewhat contradictory to the â€Å"tough on drugs†campaign that is portrayed in the media. There is many mixed messages being sent and portrayed about the approach to illicit drugs in the criminal justice system. To date the drug diversionary programs has been the only approach to illicit drugs that has made any headway and molded around the existing drug problems. It is a policy that is designed to reflect the variety of problems that drugs can cause and by treating the cause is the only way to tackle the problem. References Australian Institute of Criminology, Does drug use cause crime? Understanding the drugs-crime link. www. aic. gov. au/publications. crm accessed 10 January 2010. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2007. Statistics on drug use in Australia 2006. Drug Statistics Series No. 18. Cat. no. PHE 80. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Baker, J. and Goh, D. (2004). The Cannabis Cautioning Scheme three years on: An implementation and outcome evaluation. Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Burton, K, 2004. Illicit Drugs in Australia: Use, Harm and Policy Responses, Parliamentary Library, https://www. aph. gov. au/library/intguide/sp/illicitdrugs. htm, accessed 13 January 2009. Collins DJ Lapsley HM. 1996. The Social Costs of Drug Abuse in Australia in 1988 and 1992, National Drug Strategy monograph series no. 30, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative – about diversion. www. health. gov. au Hughes, C. Away from the Courts, Of Substance: The national magazine on Alcohol, Tobacco and other drugs. Volume 7 number 2, 2009 pages 21 and 21. Hughes, C. 2007. Evidence Based policy or policy based evidence? The role of evidence in the development and implementation of the Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative, Drug and Alcohol Review( July 2007)Pages 363-368. Hughes, C. and Ritter, A. 2008. Monograph No. 16: A summary of diversion programs for drug and drug-related offenders in Australia. DPMP Monograph Series. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. Payne, J. K wiathkowski, M. Wundersitz, J. 2008. Police Drug Diversion: a study of criminal offending outcomes. AIC Report, Australian Institute of Criminology. Middendorp, C, 2010, Drug Prohibition Doesn’t Work, so What do we do Next? TheAge. com, https://www. theage. com. au/opinion/society-and-culture/drug-prohibition-doesnt-workso-what-do-we-do-next-20100106-lu8v. html, accessed 13 January 2010. National Drug Strategic Framework: 1998–99 to 2002–03, Building Partnerships: A strategy to reduce the harm caused by drugs in our community. Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy 1998 Tresidder, J. 2003. Police Drug Diversion. Of Substance: The national magazine on Alcohol, Tobacco and other drugs. Volume 1 number 1, pages 25-27. Woodak, A and Owens, R. 1996. Drug Prohibition, A Call for Change, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. Wooldrige, Dr M, 1999, Tough on Drugs diversion programme an enlightened approach. https://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/Con tent/health-mediarel-yr1999-mw-mw99112a. htm accessed 13 January 2010. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Criminal Justice System Respond to Illicit Drugs" essay for you Create order
Monday, December 30, 2019
John Locke The Defender Of Limited Government - 1462 Words
To many, John Locke is known as the defender of limited government. Locke’s limited government can be defined as one in which â€Å"a morally legitimate government coerces only those who freely and voluntarily consent to its authority†(Locke on Government, Arneson). Therefore, in Locke’s theory of politics, a government can only work if its people are consenting. Locke defines consent as either explicit or tacit. Explicit can be defined as obvious whereas tacit would fall under what is understood without being directly stated. For example, one would give explicit consent when signing up for the military and all the government would ask of them; yet on the other hand, one would express tacit consent by simply existing within the chosen state. To live in a state entails that certain laws and regulations must be abided by; however, one still has the ability choose to live in that state. In Locke’s perspective, a limited government is the only type that can w ork because of this idea of consent. According to Locke, humans are ‘free an equal’--therefore, all men are in common and consequently, all men have the ability to consent. This way of thinking is central to Locke’s theory of politics for several reasons. To summarize Locke’s view of government, there should be: a structure of laws, two Social Contracts, consent, legislative power, and an executive power. Locke believed that all men are in a â€Å"state of equality†as well as naturally in a â€Å"state of perfect freedom†(pg. 713).Show MoreRelatedJohn Locke : The Most Influential Philosophical And Political Thinker917 Words  | 4 PagesThe Key to Locke John Locke â€Å"proved to be the most influential philosophical and political thinker of the seventeenth century†(Kagen 213). 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Saturday, December 21, 2019
Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Essay
â€Å"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth processor during breastfeeding.†There is no cure for HIV or AIDS but over time different types of medications have been developed that slows down the advancement of the disease. AIDS is a lethal disease that is caused by HIV. HIV destroys the immune system and causes the body to not be able to fight off any diseases. HIV goes through several different movements before it leads to AIDs. The first step is the serioconversion illness. This symptoms of this illness is very similar to the flu and an affected individual will†¦show more content†¦TB is caused by a bacterial infection known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. If a patient is sick with TB is considered a disease. The infection is prevalent in the HIV population because approximately 13 million Americans are effected by the TB bacteria. It typically involves the lungs but can also affect the brain and other organ systems. The TB germ is airborne and can live in the air for several hours. Once an affected person coughs or sneezes another person breathes in the germ and becomes infected. A patient with TB and HIV/AIDS will have to take an antibiotics long term to battle the infection. They will have to go through two phases of medication. The initial phase consists of utilizing drugs such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifamycin, and etha mbutol for the first couple of months. Then the patient will enter into the continuation phase, during this phase the patient will take the isoniazid and rifamycin for approximately four months. HIV patient’s that are taking antiretroviral for the HIV will have to take the antibiotics longer. A person taking treatment for TB has to be careful because the antibiotic can cause liver damage. According to the CDC, roughly 6% of all TB cases are from patients with HIV or AIDS. In 1992 the United States had a dramatic increase in TB cases but has decreased ever since. Recently a group of researchers at John HopkinsShow MoreRelatedCommunicable Disease934 Words  | 4 Pagesestimates that 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and nearly one in five of those are not aware that they are infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that slowly destroys the immune system, which makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a communicable disease transmitted throughRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1477 Words  | 6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In 1981, the first cases in the United States of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) developed in Los Angeles and New York (Fraser, Burd, Liebson, Lipschik, Peterson, 2008). The illness presented itself among several homosexual males who developed rare opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Sharp Hahn, 2011). At the time, medical professionals deemed the infections to beRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words  | 6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. 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It took two decades for the UnitedRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is A Serious Infectious Disease1374 Words  | 6 Pagescure for HIV. Although, the human immunodeficiency virus is treatable, there is currently no vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Once a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus will be in that person body for the rest of their life. Research indicates that once a person becomes diagnose with HIV, denial, acute depression, and anxiety are all forms of responses (Rubenstei n, Sorrentino, 2008). In order to develop a good treatment plan, oneRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Also Known As Hiv, Continuous1519 Words  | 7 PagesHuman immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV, continuous to be an epidemic crisis. HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.Unlike other viruses once HIV is acquired the human body can not get rid of it. Sub Saharan Africa is currently the most affected region for HIV/AIDS, Men in the region seem to be the most affected. There is currently no cure for HIV, however there is possible treatment, as well as ways one can prevent developing the virus. HIV/AIDS continousRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Essay1396 Words  | 6 Pages The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the human wellbeing by attacking the body’s immune system which is the natural defense system in the human body to resist infections. When the immune system is being compromised, the body becomes less capable of fighting diseases, allowing the body to become more susceptible to infections. Different from other viruses that the body can get rid of, HIV will remain in the body for life (Wright and Carnes, 2016). HIV works by attacking the CD4Read MoreAIDS/HIV Its Effects on Popular Culture Essay1194 Words  | 5 Pagesinnocent health care worker. Some people may sadly consider their lives extinguished upon contraction of the in-curable virus, others will not let the infection rule their lives. However, the infection is no long-er considered a death sentence in contrast to what many may believe. Many people are igno-rant of the virus and continue to believe what was shared many years ago. What is HIV/AIDS, and what is its history? What is its effects on the body? How can it be, not cured, but treated? Who is atRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words  | 5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessl y for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreModern Day Methods Of Contracting1113 Words  | 5 Pagesthe SIV virus from these non-human primates is discussed as well. As a result of these transmissions, the human immunodeficiency virus is brought to life. In this paper, this virus and its journey throughout history will be explained. Also, HIV and the different subfields this virus can be classified in are discussed throughout the research. As well as the where this virus was contracted, about the time when, and how it was possible. Also, the modern day methods of contracting this virus are listed
Friday, December 13, 2019
SIDS A Traumatic and Tragic Disease Free Essays
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is a traumatic and tragic disease that affects thousands of babies throughout the world every year. There is no way of explaining the death of a child that has SIDS and there are no real ways of predicting if it could happen to any baby. What makes SIDS even worse is that the source of what exactly may be the cause of it is still unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on SIDS: A Traumatic and Tragic Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advanced research in the last 30 years has dramatically reduced the number of deaths. SIDS not only affects the infants but also the families of the infant and it proves to be a very tough and emotional experience for them. So what exactly is SIDS? The term SIDS was finally defined in 1969 as the sudden death of an infant or child, which is unexpected by history and in which a through post-mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death (Culbertson 3). Basically this is another way of saying that it is not known why these babies die. SIDS is not a new disease contrary to what some people might believe, but it has been happening throughout time, unexplained deaths of babies are even recorded in the bible. SIDS was probably the most neglected disease ever recorded in history of man. It wasn†t until recently that major steps were taken to figure out why babies were dying so unexpectedly and what could we do to prevent it from happening. So what exactly causes SIDS and is there anything we can do to prevent it? Well as of right now, the cause of SIDS is unknown. We do not know what causes SIDS and there are no consistent warning signs that might alert us to the risk of it. However, scientists and researchers have discovered many things that might attribute to the causes of SIDS. SIDS almost always occurs at night when the infant is sleeping. A higher incidence of SIDS is seen among premature and low birth weight children. Women who smoke and let their children be exposed to smoke give their children a higher risk of SIDS. Low birth rates among children have a higher chance of getting SIDS. Finally there is a much higher rate of SIDS when infants are placed on their stomach to sleep. (Culbertson, 8-10) One of the biggest recommendations physicians make to new parents today is to let their babies sleep on their back. Putting them on their back greatly decreases the risk of SIDS to their children. These are just some of the things that have been THEORIZED by scientists and researchers that are possibilities that could be attributing factors to SIDS. But of course these are all theories that have been developed by researchers by statistics. Statistics is one of the greatest tools we have today to help us learn about the characteristics of SIDS. Since we don†t know what it is, seeing how it works and what things we can do to help slow it down are obviously good. Throughout history, before SIDS was defined, the accepted explanation was that either the baby choked on itself or was rolled on by the parents during sleep. Possibly an accepted answer due to the lack of knowledge in the past but know we know that most of the time they were wrong. Since there is no cure for SIDS, scientists and researchers have been studying new ways of possibly preventing it from happening to infants. New nursing techniques developed over the last 30 years have actually dramatically reduced the number of infant deaths caused by SIDS. But still we must not forget the fact we still don†t know what causes SIDS itself. That is what makes this so terrible, that researchers have all these techniques to help prevent SIDS but we still don†t know what we are preventing. Death by SIDS leaves a traumatic and terrible effect left on the parents and family members. A SIDS death usually promotes intense emotional reactions among surviving family members. After the initial shock and disbelief, parents often fall into a prolonged depression usually of self-denial about if they killed their baby. This depression can affect their sleeping, eating, ability to concentrate, and general energy level. (Culbertson 190-193) Crying, weeping, incessant talking, and strong feelings of guilt or anger are all normal reactions. Many parents experience unreasonable fears that they or someone in their family is in danger. Over protection of surviving children and fears for future children is a common reaction. As the finality of the child†s death becomes a reality for the parents, recovery finally occurs. Birthdays, holidays, anniversaries often trigger painful memories of the loss (Culbertson, 186-188). Children can also be affected by the loss. Many children may develop a fear that they themselves might die. In many cases children will also feel guilty about the death feeling that possibly it was their fault. However, children may deny being upset and try to hide their emotions which is a reason why most parents have to talk with their children and assure them it is not going to happen to them. (Culbertson,190-193) One of the true bright spots about the fight against SIDS is that in the last 20 years, deaths caused by SIDS have dropped dramatically in the United States and the rest of the world. Currently the average in the world among SIDS deaths is between 0. 5-3. 0 deaths per thousand (Culbertson,11). When comparing to that when it was first studied at about an average of 15-20 deaths per thousand(Bergman,10-11), a major improvement has been seen. However, though it isn†t that high of a number, it still accounts for 20 percent of all deaths between the ages of one month and one year and 95 percent of that between 2 months and 4 months. Guntheroth,70-73). It is important to point out that most all statistics of SIDS come from developed countries, countries that have the money to perform autopsies on infants. We can only assume that in undeveloped countries, which have a very high infant mortality rate to begin with, the presence of SIDS is there and probably have a much higher rate than in developed countries because throughout the world, SIDS rates are very constant with one another wherever studies have and can be conducted. SIDS ranks only second to injuries as the greatest cause of death to children who are less than 15 years of age and it takes more lives than leukemia, heart disease, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy in that age period. ( Bergman, xi). So in conclusion to all of this, there still is very little information on what exactly causes SIDS. Unlike other diseases, which we know the cause of, SIDS is the one that we don†t have any knowledge on what the source is that causes it. One of the most important statements but disheartening is that SIDS is a â€Å"disease of theories†(Bergman, 12). Everything we know, all the information that is produced and published is all just a theory because we don†t even know what happened and what caused the death. So where do we go from here? What can be done to stop this terrible disease? Who knows. All we can do is sit back and hope someone†s â€Å"theory†is the right one and be thankful that this disease only affects 1-3 infants per thousand born. There are so many questions but not nearly enough answers and until that day we can only do what the experts tell us to do and hopefully the SIDS disease will almost become non-existent. How to cite SIDS: A Traumatic and Tragic Disease, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Pestle Analysis- Should Caravan Club Invest in N.Ireland free essay sample
| | | |The Caravan Club | |Business Enterprise | The Caravan Club Introduction. The Caravan Club is an organisation representing caravanners in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The Caravan Club is in its 103rd year and has a strong ethos of representing its one million members and providing them with quality products and services. Whilst wanting to increase its presence in Northern Ireland, many factors must be considered will be evaluated using a PESTLE analysis tool. By implementing such a research framework; a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about particular target market, competition, and environment variables, the company will be better placed to understand the ‘meso-economic and macro-economic environments in which they operate and in this case help the company strategically plan for new development in Northern Ireland. POLITICAL Tourism in Northern Ireland has had to develop within the context of political unrest. This would be deemed one of the main reasons for a thorough analysis into a NI investment. [pic] Visitor trips (number) to Northern Ireland, nights spent (number), and revenue generated (? million), 1963, 1967, 1972, and 1988 to 2001 The political situation in Northern Ireland has improved noticeably since the days of ‘The Troubles. ’ The Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998 the governments of the North and South of Ireland has taken a more formally pro-active role in facilitating greater co-operation between their tourism boards. Cross-border co-operation is now seen as part of a wider government Strategy in Britain and Ireland to support the peace process and a political settlement. Political will and clear government policy has, in the last number of years, helped to facilitate greater co-operation and give strong and unambiguous direction to the boards. Under this situation any overriding concerns about co-operation have been set aside as partnership is now priority government policy. There is clear government commitment to cooperation and this has filtered down to the tourist boards and individuals within the organisations. (Greer 2002: 362) There will be the threat of potential dissident republican violence, but despite the possibility of isolated violence, to avoid N. I would be like avoiding L. A because there might be an earthquake. The Northern Ireland Executive and DETI have attached a priority to the Tourism sector. This reflects the fact that there is considerable scope to boost the contribution tourism makes to the overall economy. For example, although the revenue generated by the tourism sector has almost doubled since the mid-1990s, its overall contribution to the economy (1. 9%) remains much less than elsewhere in the UK (3. 2%). (DETI, 2008-2011) Established in 1948, the NITB is one of the four agencies within, and responsible to, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) – the other three agencies are: Invest Northern Ireland; General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland and the Health Safety Executive for Northern Ireland. Arlene Foster (DUP) I believe that tourism is the business not just of the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, Tourism Ireland and the Department but of everybody in the private sector as well. I very much hope that the capital investment that has been put into the signature projects over the past three years will now bear fruit for us, not least across signature projects such as the Titanic Quarter project, which is making great progress, as I am sure many Members have seen as they drive past it. We also see the way that the UK City of Culture, Londonderry, has been developing over the past years. However, the Member is right: if there were more capital funds, I would certainly take them. Unfortunately, with the Budget as it is, I have to make do with what I have been given. I feel that we have been fortunate in so far as we have put a lot of capital investment into the tourism product over the past three to four years. We now need to get down to selling what we have and making sure that everyone is aware of Northern Ireland as a place to visit. (Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011) The Forestry Bill which came in to operation on 13 September 2010 replaces out-dated forestry law with new legislation, which will support a wider role for forestry in modern society and allow the Department to obtain better value from the forest estate. The forestry bill allows for; The Department may enter into arrangements with any other person for the use or development of forestry land for any such purpose. Castlewellan Forest Park, Drum Manor Forest Park, Glena riff Forest Park ,Gortin Glen Forest Park, Gosford Forest Park, Tollymore Forest Park. All these forest parks have Caravan sites, currently run by Forest service NI. Giving them ‘The Caravan Club’ brand would open up the sites to the million club members. The Club currently has market share and a standard of excellence, developing the product (Forest Park Sites) in a strategic alliance with NITB DARD, would not only benefit Tourism NI but is a huge market for ‘The Caravan Club’ to tap into. I am confident that this multi-faceted Bill will effectively support a modern and forward-looking forestry strategy. It will give powers to deliver a wide and integrated spectrum of benefits- social and recreational, environmental and of course economic. ( Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA, 2010) Describing the content of the Bill, the Minister added: The Forestry Bill will retain powers to deal with day to day forestry matters and to protect trees from damage by wild animals or from fire risk from vegetation on adjoining land. There will still be powers to make bye-laws to ensure the safe and responsible enjoyment of the public forest estate. The forestry Bill is just a part of Tourism Strategies for NI, over the past ten years; Northern Ireland has fought hard for its share of the growing travel and tourism market and has done remarkably well, and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. The Caravan Club also extends their brand as a franchise development, in the form of a Certified Location, which is a 5-van site for the exclusive use of Caravan Club members. They are covered by a special Act of Parliament and need no site licence or formal planning permission. They can be on a farm or smallholding, at a pub or golf course, even on land attached to your house. If you think bigger; Affiliated Sites are a core part of The Caravan Club network, and benefit from close association with The Club. Affiliated sites remain independently owned or managed, and retain responsibility for bookings and pricing. Affiliated Sites have direct access to The Club, via the Regional Manager, who will be only too pleased to help and advise on operating and developing the site. Affiliated Sites are also featured on the website, in the Sites Directory and Handbook and in the Site Collection brochures. In return, Affiliated Sites pay an annual fee, negotiated as part of a two year agreement based on location, facilities and size. If your business is, or will be, certified by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) as a provider of tourist accommodation, or if your business has commercial revenue streams from the supply of a priority tourism product or service, Invest NI is able to offer support as part of DETI. Invest NI supporting you we will adopt a twin track approach with advice and support for strategic and process improvement (Capability) and financial support for product development (Capital). Mr Murphy, who is an adviser to the Tax Justice Network and the TUC on taxation and economic issues, said he believed it was extremely unlikely corporation tax would be devolved to Northern Ireland due to European Union rules He added that if there was a different tax rate in NI it would put a barrier to trade between Northern Ireland and Great Britain DEPARTMENT CONSIDERATION; MOTORHOME TOURISM. Representatives of the sector have been in contact with NITB and the department both directly and through elected representatives. Concerns are understood to be: (i) Access to vehicle parking; and ii) The provision of services specifically for motor home tourists known as ‘aires de service’. The provision of motor home facilities in Northern Ireland is governed by the Caravan Act (1963), all facilities for touring caravans or motor homes must conform with the requirements of the act. Councils have a key role to play in the resolution of these concerns relating to the provision o f parking (and services) in Council-run tourism amenity car parks. NITB and DETI Officials have met with motor home lobbyists on a number of occasions to obtain an understanding of the issues faced by motor home tourists and what might be done to address these. In September 2008 NITB facilitated a seminar for representatives of the motor home sector and local Councils. This was a positive step as motor home lobbyists had previously found Councils to be relatively unforthcoming regarding motor home parking and service provision in their respective areas. In May 2009 NITB facilitated a further follow up seminar for Councils at which a representative from the UK Caravan Club presented to Councils regarding key lessons in respect of motor home parking and service provision. NITB and DETI Officials met again with one of the representatives on Thursday 28th May 2009, when she reiterated her concerns regarding: Car parking facilities for motor home users; and the provision of services to motor home users in Northern Ireland. In correspondence in June 2009 with an elected representative on behalf of the Northern Ireland Motor Home Association, Minister Foster has asked Robert Cully, Director of Business Development at the Northern Ireland Tourist Board to arrange a meeting to discuss motorhomes. Part of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment, Invest NI offers the Northern Ireland business community a single organization providing high quality services, programmes, support and expert advice. Its business advisors are located in Enterprise Agencies in each district council area of Northern Ireland. Invest NI is committed to helping tourism enterprises boost the contribution of tourism to the economy in ways that enhance the visitor experience and nurture a culture of quality, government agencies must work hand in hand to complete the Tourism strategy and attract investment to NI. pic] ECONOMIC When the UK economy first entered a recession in mid-2008, this had a damaging impact across each of the UK regions and on all sectors of the economy. Unemployment rose, the previously buoyant property market crashed and consumer confidence reached an all-time low. The impacts of the downturn are still being felt today and are forecast to continue as the Coalition Government implements curbs on public spending as part of its plan to manage one of the largest UK budget deficits in history. The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009, this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) By 2012 it is estimated that around ? 300m will have been invested in tourism over the preceding five years on major projects including the likes of the Titanic Signature Building, Giant’s Causeway Visitor Experience, Ulster Museum and the Ulster Hall. NITB chief executive Alan Clarke says its research shows that for every pound the agency spent on promotion it got ? 14 back into the Northern Ireland economy. Tourism offers incomparable potential to generate growth and create jobs across Northern Ireland. As a labour intensive industry it brings employment to all regions, new facilities to our towns and cities, creates opportunities in rural areas and is a source of pride for the people of Northern Ireland. To help the tourism industry achieve our goals those in the business need to collectively position challenges and priorities. The Draft Tourism Strategy for NI to 2020 was published for public consultation in February 2010. In view of the significance of tourism to the local economy, the Minister invited all stakeholders to consider the consultation and contribute to the development of NI’s future tourism policy. The consultation period ended on 20 May 2010. The growth in targets would be achieved by: †¢ Increasing visitors from 3. 2million to 4. 5million by 2020 †¢ Increasing earnings from tourism by ? 520million to ? 1billion by 2020 †¢ Progressively accelerating spend by visitors †¢ Targeting specific markets and market segments †¢ Supporting indigenous high quality businesses to grow Being visitor inspired in all our actions The strategy was accompanied by a detailed action plan that included timescales for achievement. (NITB, 2010) There has been strong potential for growth in the Northern Ireland economy. The economy benefited from the Northern Ireland peace process, although rapid growth was evident even in the decade before the Good Friday Agreement. Northern Irel and retains a number of strengths: †¢ a relatively young population and a high quality education and training system by UK standards; †¢ Competitive labour costs , below the UK average; An increasingly flexible and responsive skills system; †¢ A successful track record in attracting inward investment though Invest NI; †¢ 100 per cent broadband coverage; †¢ Good transport links internally and with Ireland and the rest of the UK; †¢ A relatively low crime rate for most crimes compared to the UK average; and †¢ Strong tourism potential and an attractive natural environment. (Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy) Rebalancing the economy, with greater emphasis on private sector growth, is a long term objective for the next 25 years. Important things to know about the Caravan industry NI The caravan sector is a significant and important part of the tourism industry- the 4th fastest growth area in the UK economy. Over 90,000 people in the UK work in the caravan industry which encompasses a diverse range of career business opportunities including caravan parks, manufacturers and dealerships. The caravan sector makes a significant contribution to the 5. 6% of the Northern Ireland workforce working in tourism. The caravan holiday parks in Northern Ireland accounted for over ? 3. 65 million GVA in 2008. 3% of the sector work full time; 14% part time; 14% are self-employed. Holiday habits have changed to accommodate the increased amount of free leisure time and demographic trends in the population which favours the caravan industry. There are approximately 15,000 static Caravan/holiday home pitches and 3,000 touring pitches (including 1,000 for tents) in Northern Ireland. The NITB Tourism Barometer for June 2010 indi cates that the majority (55%) of caravan and camping establishments are experiencing growth in the volume of bed nights overall, primarily driven by the domestic market. The Sector Skills Council for the Active Leisure, Learning and Well Being sector invited caravan park owners from across Northern Ireland to discuss their training and development needs with a number of key stakeholders, such as, Awarding bodies, Training providers, NITB, Department for Employment Learning, Caravan Industry Training (CITO). As facilitators of this meeting, SkillsActive aim to increase the understanding of the Northern Ireland caravan industry from both an employer context and from the wider strategic context. The main meeting aims will be: †¢ Increase our understanding of the NI Caravan Sector from an economic, employer and skills context. †¢ Provide an overview of the current training skills landscape including potential funding opportunities for developing the workforce skills of the caravan industry. †¢ Begin to explore how providers and caravan park owners can work together to improve access to affordable and appropriate training. Corporation Tax Debate: The main rate of UK corporation tax is 28%, double that in the Irish Republic. The latest draft Treasury paper has said such a move would, on its own, be likely to have a positive effect on local private sector investment. It added that it could play a significant role in helping rebalance the NI economy. Secretary of State, Owen Paterson said he had listened to many businesses in NI. They are absolutely convinced it would help them, he said. â€Å"It wouldnt just bring in new investment; it would really radically help some of the very high class businesses weve already got. A think tank set up to advise the executive research showed that while a cut in corporation tax could boost employment the precise benefits of a reduction remained unclear. NI has less than a third of the high quality foreign investment south of the border. Due to EU rules mean the tax cut would mean a significant reduction in the budget given to the Stormont Executive. PwCs investigation into the impact of Corporation Tax on FDI was prompted by a commitment from the UK coalition government to offer the NI Executive powers to rebalance the economy. Its report Corporation Tax Game Changer, or Game Over? says that overseas investors already in the UK, rank corporation tax as 17th in a list of investment drivers, that prioritise, in order: language, culture and values; infrastructure; skills; and proximity to markets. PwCs chief economist in Northern Ireland, Dr Esmond Birnie, said that in terms of its attractiveness to foreign investment, Northern Ireland already performed relatively well in terms of employment creation. In 2009, with around 3% of the UK population, Northern Ireland secured 10. % of all the new FDI (foreign direct investment) jobs that came into the UK, he said. The grants that Invest NI can hand out are being significantly cut, so the question is whats the alternative? There are no statistics for the number of motor homes brought to Northern Ireland (or the Republic of Ireland) by tourists. It is therefore not possible to make an assessment of the economic contribution of this sector. However, the statistics w hich are available illustrate that this is a growing sector with, for example, a 68% increase in motor home registrations in the UK during the period 2002 to 2008. Product Partnerships (November 2010) Partnerships or strategic alliances play a key role in helping to boost revenue across a number of sectors. The tourism sector in particular lends itself well to partnerships and brings with it advantages and economies of scale for promotion and providing an enhanced visitor experience. Both large and small operators can often get lost in the myriad of promotional avenues and channels. Partnerships create greater visibility than what can be achieved by operators acting alone. This publication provides insight into partnerships and intends to inform the reader about the purpose of partnerships in the tourism sector, examples of successful partnerships, and best practice for how tourism operators can create and sustain partnerships. It aims to incite tourism professionals to work collaboratively to raise the quality of the visitor experience and understand their role in the visitor journey as well as build networks to enable them to grow and cluster more products in partnership [pic] NI to NI †¢ The growth we saw in 2009 has continued in the first half of this year, although to a lesser extent. Trips grew by one fifth, and there was over 100,000 additional home visitors compared with last year. †¢ So far they have spent ? 89m which is ? 2m more than in 2009. †¢ The trend for shorter 1-3 night breaks at home continued, increasing by over 50% compared with Jan-June 2009. †¢ Longer (4+ night) holidays declined (-12%). Rest of report highlig hted below: Domestic performance was strong up to July 2010, however the declines evident for trips taken in August 2010 continued into September, although they were less significant. This follows strong growth in August and September 2009 compared with the same months in 2008. Social Staycation is a relatively new word combining the words stay and vacation to describe the trend of holidaying or vacationing at home and locally due to the tough economic climate. Over two thirds of people asked said they will choose to holiday in the UK instead which is great news for the UK holiday industry. Decisions were influenced by poor exchange rates, impact of increasing Air Passenger Duty, environmental concerns and positive UK weather predictions. These findings are supported the strong rise in self catering bookings, and There is renewed optimism that 2011 will be an even better year for caravans than 2010 was. In the current economic climate, the rise of the staycation grew to prominence as more and more families and friends swapped the holiday abroad for a break on the British coast or amongst the verdant countryside. This saw the caravan industry enjoy a renaissance of sorts and, ahead of the annual Caravan Extravaganza (National Caravan Council) – thought to be one of the biggest exhibitions of its kind – optimism amongst organisers is igh. David Ritchie, one of the organisers of the event said: It has been a much better year than last year when a number of companies went into administration. Most have come out again and the outlook is a lot better. But of course theres a lot of nervousness. With more travel companies going bust more people seem to want to have holidays in the UK so thats good for the carava n industry. With caravan dealers and caravan park owners arriving from all over the UK, and Europe, it is thought there will be plenty of business conducted during the event. This might lead to an increase in requests for caravan insurance. Last year, the Yorkshire Post report that 24,000 people attended and it is estimated that ? 100million worth of business will be conducted in the first five days.. Businesses are able to use positive action to target their goods, facilities or services to a particular group that is either disadvantaged or currently under-represented in their consumer base, or that has particular needs. Businesses should research their potential consumer base to work out which, if any, groups are under-represented, as they may wish to target these groups. Do not just assume that a particular group is under-represented. Market trends Figures released by the NCC showed that a total of 7,362 touring caravans were produced between September and November last year, which represented a 14. 1% increase over the total in those months during 2009. This brought the moving-annual-total (m-a-t), at the end of November 2010, to 26,005 tourers, 28. 5% above the figure at the same point twelve months previously. Invoiced sales, from the factory gate, between September and November 2010 totalled 7,049 tourers, 12. % higher than for the same months in 2009. This left the m-a-t of invoiced sales at 25,420 tourers, 23. 7% above the total twelve months previously. Retail sales between September and November 2010 totalled 8,620 tourers, 2. 6% higher than during those three months in 2009. At the present time, a moving-annual-total is not available as the dataset is still building Community spiritSociety is currently being slandered as dangerous, selfish a nd, essentially, falling apart. Caravanning, on the other hand, restrains and embraces it’s traditional vibe of community spirit. There are local clubs that act under the umbrella of the Caravan Club, and these hold rallies where members meet, sometimes for themed rallies and sometimes just for the sake of being somewhere different for the weekend. ? There are 70 Centres (Local groups) throughout England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales and they are the core of The Caravan Club community. If you are keen to pursue your interest and to spend time with likeminded caravanners your Centre has lots on offer. ? The majority of Centre activities, and the most popular, are rallies. A rally is a gathering of Club members meeting in a friendly and social atmosphere. Although it has in the past had a bad name Jeremy Clarkson has a known hatred for caravans, and holiday makers dislike getting stuck behind caravan-car convoys – recent technological advancements and an increasing desire amongst the public to see the world at their own leisure has meant that caravanning is quickly becoming a popular way to travel. Many caravanning enthusiasts love the chances they get to meet new people, to see new places, and to feel part of a big extended family of fellow caravan fans. The truth is if own a caravan and stop to spend the night at a caravan park, chances are you will get to talking with other holiday-makers and you will quickly form bonds and lasting friendships. Technological The Caravan Clubs aim or brand may not have changed in these years but the ways in which people communicate and gather information have changed dramatically due to computer technology advancement. Facebook An innovative way for brands to work with web communities is to use them as an online focus group whose views and opinions go on to shape product development. Social networking sites bring together like-minded people who can be your advocates. Build a Presence. Connect with your audience, share your story and participate in real-time conversations quickly and easily on Facebook. Be personal not promotional. Social media networks like Facebook, Twitter, Yelp, LinkedIn, and company blogs all show up in analytic programs such as Bit. ly and Google Analytics as referring links. Check out and benchmark before starting a campaign and watch the referring link traffic quality grow. Involving your users and keeping the site interesting and inviting. It will give you a major boost as knowledge grows and builds your online community. Members can keep in touch at all times. Promoting various Club sites to one another. Giving advice and getting advice, so there is added value. You get knowledge and on-going information in what people want to know or want help with. Identifying customer’s thoughts feelings and concerns. Twitter – lets users create formal friendships which collectively establish numerous and interconnected network of users. In addition Twitter works well with mobile phones and other SMS clients, making it easy to tweet virtually anywhere. Tweets can be used as a form of real time research. An account with Twitter would help drive members and non-members through to Caravan Club website. Not only does Twitter give you a chance to monitor, but it also gives you a chance to provide instant customer service. This is where The Caravan Club are letting rival companies, take market share as ‘Tomorrow will soon be code for too late’. The website hosts over four million visitors per annum and has 200,000 registered users. Caravan Club members made more than 300,000 online bookings during 2007 and over seven million Site searches. 0,000 members have used The Club’s Online Trader and it is one of the largest online trading services for caravans and motor caravans in the UK. Information and communication systems embedded in a global net have profound influence on the travel and tourism industry. (JITT) To respond to members increasing requirement for internet access when away from home, The Caravan Club is almo st doubling the number of sites offering Wi-Fi coverage, while at the same time upgrading the service at existing ones. The great joy of caravanning is the chance to travel that it brings. With caravan sites all across Europe, these days the possibilities for caravan holidays have greatly broadened. Satellite television, microwave ovens and all the other technological advances have made caravanning even more appealing, to the extent that it’s common to see long queues of caravans on the roads almost every weekend. Caravanning allows for spontaneity. If you don’t like a site or an area you can simply drive on and find somewhere else. If the weather’s bad there’s somewhere to stay out of the rain-or you can simply turn around and go home. Caravanning has changed the way we view holidays. It’s become an industry worth ? 1 billion each year, which says a great deal about its importance, and its growth. Legal . OFMDFM has implemented the following policies and procedures with regard to Employment and Management of Staff: †¢ Registration all private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. †¢ Gender Equality the Belfast Agreement has a vision of a â€Å"peaceful, cohesive, inclusive prosper ous and fair society, firmly founded on the achievement of reconciliation, tolerance and mutual trust, and the protection and vindication of the human rights of all. This is based on â€Å"partnership, equality and mutual respect as the basis of relationships. ††¢ Racial Equality and Good Relations NI Vision ‘A society in which racial diversity is supported, understood, valued and respected, where racism in any of its forms is not tolerated and where we can all live together as a society and enjoy equality of opportunity and equal protection. The aim of this Unit is to promote racial equality in Northern Ireland. It has central responsibility for policy relating to people from minority ethnic backgrounds. Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay the anti-discrimination branch has responsibility for providing and updating legislation which tackles unfair discrimination on the basis of a person’s gender. The Caravan Club must adhere to all NI regulations, as some may differ the rest of the UK. All private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. Disability Action is the only Northern Ireland-wide, pan-disability organisation working with people with various disabilities; physical, mental, sensory and hidden. This work is important, as one in five people in Northern Ireland has a disability. Disability Action aims to ensure that people with disabilities attain their full rights as citizens. It offers a range of services to businesses including Access Auditing, Disability Diversity Training, Communications Auditing and Policy Advice. These services are available throughout Northern Ireland. Pertinent information is the lifeblood of businesses. Regulations such as health and safety , licenses and contacts specific to tourism; nibusinessinfo. co. k provides an immediate, accurate and free source of up to the minute information covering all major areas of business and commercial activity. The site allows businesses to keep actively informed about all current changes and updates within their sector. Environmental. The Caravan club is the market leader of its type, with 56% market share. It has a very strong etho’s and standards of excellance for its 1 million members. The Caravan Clubs Sites network contains a huge and valuable wildlife resource by providing habitats for diverse species of flora and fauna some of which are endangered. The Caravan Club take our stewardship of this land and its residents very seriously and in 2002 embarked on a programme of wildlife audits on Club Sites using professional ecologists (JUST ECOLOGY) an initiative which has been welcomed by staff and members alike as it ties in with their own interests and concerns about the natural world. The Caravan Club has developed alliances with a number of organisations we believe have shared interests. We work with these groups on a wide range of initiatives for mutual benefit, as well as to ensure we offer members a choice of enjoyable holiday activities, these groups include- The National Cycle Network which offers 12,600 miles of signed cycle routes throughout the UK. †¢ RSPB; The Club is the Species Champion of the Song Thrush, and sponsors the RSPB’s protection of the bird. †¢ The National Trust †¢ The Heritage Center. †¢ The Woodland Trust. We also work with closely with UK tourism bodies (including VisitBritai n, VisitEngland, VisitScotland, VisitWales and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board) to promote domestic tourism. The Caravan Club is an active member of he Tourism Alliance, the Scottish Tourism Forum and the Wales Tourism Alliance. Gaining Investor in People status, increases the productivity of ‘The Caravan Club’ by improving the way in which organisations manage and develop their people, leading to business improvement and better public services. All stakeholders would benefit from an Investor in people Award. o Use Investors in People to improve the core area of the business that affects everything the company does, namely its employees. (Reduce turnover of Seasonal f/t staff. ) (Case study Pontins) Encourage more volunteers. o Forest service NI Have already gained Investor in People status, as do all government agencies that the club would be affiliated with in NI. Truly motivated staff can make all the difference to a business. [pic] [pic] Evaluation Creating qual ity visitor experience in NI depends on the actions of many government departments as well as individual businesses such as The Caravan Club. The potential to grow must strike a balance between development and conservation; sustainability must be a guiding concept. The rural development strategy realises the need for diversification both in farming and forestry. As the forest service actively develops activity tourism establishing a commercial partnership with the club and its many members can only lead to the high quality provision of tourism facilities throughout Ulster. Santander Bizguides are designed to help you start-up and grow your business, in their BIZguides section they note that the caravan sector has been on a steady rise since 2000 and are giving helpful information on how to start a Caravan park. Industry trends have been on the rise and things just seem to be getting more fashionable for example –Glamping. If we continue to encourage the development of mutually supportive activities, commercial; such as Arts/heritage visits, food, and transport, developmental; such as simple information distribution to the development of cultural sector venues within tourist servicing establishments, and also non-commercial. This will facilitate the development of awareness and understanding between the cultural and tourism trade, to provide a shared context for cultural tourism development. Culture and heritage is something that NI has an abundance of, to encourage networking and the building of relationships with the community and private sectors is the way forward for The Caravan Club and any strategic alliances it makes in NI. The development of ‘niche’ accommodation products, glamping pods, yurts are all on market trend, to do this in association with The Caravan Club, with their standards of excellence can only be a good investment, both for Dard and Franchisees. Providing a seamless link via the new website and ‘mobi’ platform, between Club sites, service providers and the cultural sector will bring an influx of members to Ulster. The linkage with accommodation sector (Caravan Club) is a fantastic start point for marketing, leading to new community enterprise opportunities. The Northern Ireland Tourist Board has launched its 2011/2012 Events Funding Programme, which is designed to support home-grown and international events between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012. Northern Ireland has enjoyed 10 years of growth in tourism and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. According to the NI Tourism strategy supporting evidence, what makes NI special is the quality of the experience and any development must be sensitive to this. Overall, it is in conclusion that there are many underdeveloped source markets, such as poor utilisation of accommodation stock. Camping and Caravan parks had often been overlooked when considering accommodation supply. DARD recognises the need for diversification with farms into the tourism and hospitality, the CC can also offer assistance with this with small franchise agreements. The Caravan Club and DCAL have created a strategic alliance to run forest park NI caravan sites to their exemplary standards. The Forestry Bill came into operation on 13th September 2010 which from the supports a wider role for forestry in modern society allowing the Department to obtain better value from the forest estates. According to NITB research, during 2009, 236,300 visitors took part in an activity or outdoor adventure, Caravan Club members support for other aspects of the rural tourism offering is significant. Issues and research findings. Using EPISTLE and SWOT analysis the following points have been found as the main issues: †¢ The 2012 Olympic Games in London will increase the number of tourists wanting to stay in the British Isles. †¢ The Olympics will not boost N. I economy and the benefits of the 2012 London Games have been â€Å"exaggerated†, according to the Sports Minister. The Caravan Club needs to update their online technology to keep up to date with today and future key communication trends. Absences of this are enabling main competitors using this to their advantage. †¢ The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009; this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) †¢ In 2008, the Northern Ireland Passenger Su rvey (NIPS) indicated that, of the ? 540 million spent by overseas and domestic tourists, 33% of this was spent on food and drink, equalling ? 178. 2 million. This was the largest spend category – (even beating accommodation! ) – revealing the importance of food and drink to the visitor. †¢ Tourism in Northern Ireland (NI) is worth an estimated ? 889m, or some 3. 7% of the Gross Value Added of NI. Going forward, tourism, and its supporting industries, is projected to be the key driver for economic growth contributing significantly to both job and wealth creation. (Tourism insights) †¢ Most want to read independent reviews, from other travellers or peer-reviews when considering a new destination. Online blogs and consumer reports are the new ‘word of mouth’. SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ Almost 4 out of every 5 UK short breaks are booked direct. Do-it-yourself online planning and booking is now the accepted norm with the use of travel agents in sharp decline. ( SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ GB is NI’s second biggest source of visitors; just behind the domestic market. However, it generates the largest amount (40%) of NI‘s total tourism revenue. †¢ The ‘search for the authentic’ is a top trend and people are more attracted to a unique experience within a destination rather than just the destination itself. 2008 and 2009 saw big shifts in travel patterns, with fewer business travellers and more holidays at home. (detini. gov) Bibliography Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA. (2010). Forest Service Press Releases 2010 Assembly agrees Consideration Stage of the Forestry Bill. Retrieved 2011, from www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice: /www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter . CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. DETI. (2008-2011). Tourism Policy. Retrieved 2011, from DETI: http://www. detini. gov. uk/deti-tourism-index. htm finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm NITB. (2010). Draft Tourism Strategy for Northern Ireland to 2020. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts . nitb. Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2011, from They work for you; Parlamentry Debates NI assembly: http://www. theyworkforyou. com/ni/? id=2011-01-17. 6. 2 (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from HM TREASURY: http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/d/rebalancing_the_northern_ireland_economy_consultation. pdf Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) (2009 and 2010). United Kingdom Tourism Survey . Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer) LEGAL Draft Planning Policy Statement 16 New Planning Policy to Assist Tourist Key planning policies to assist businesses and tourism development across Northern Ireland have been launched. Draft PPS 16 has been launched in response to the challenges of future tourism growth, by providing up-to-date planning policy for tourism development in both urban and rural locations throughout Northern Ireland. The policy also aims to safeguard the natural and built environment from harmful developments that may be detrimental to the tourism industry In summary, draft PPS 16 proposes: †¢ The removal of the tourist needs test, which is applied to tourist accommodation applications in the countryside; †¢ Sets out the circumstances in which hotels, self-catering units and holiday parks are permitted in the countryside; †¢ Provides for minor extensions to existing static holiday or caravan parks in the countryside and for new small-scale touring sites Draft PPS 16 provides for tourist amenities in the countryside that are not suited to an urban or village location, such as angling centres †¢ Includes design criteria that will be used to assess all applications for tourism development to ensure sustainable, safe and high quality tourism schemes Bibliography (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter. cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts. nitb. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer)
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