Essay Compare and Contrast Viaget and Vygotsky - 2238 Words

Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. In this essay on cognitive development I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child active construction of knowledge. (Flanagan 1996 P.72). I will then go onto evaluate the usefulness of these theories in understanding a childs development. Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that childrens cognitive development took place in stages. (Jarvis, Chandler 2001 P.149). However they were distinguished by different styles of thinking. Piaget was the first t reveal that children reason and†¦show more content†¦These are assimilation, accommodation, and equilibrium. Assimilation involved the incorporation of new events into pre-existing cognitive structures. Accommodation is the adjustment involved in the formation of new mental structures needed to accommodate new information. Equilibration involved the person striking a balance between himself and the environment, between assimilation and accommodation. When a child 2 experienced a new event, disequilibrium set in until he was able to assimilate and accommodate the new information and thus attain equilibrium. There were many different types of equilibrium between assimilation and accommodation, which varied with the levels of development and the problems, which needed to be solved. (Thomson, Meggit 1997 P.105) This dual process, assimilation-accommodation, enabled the child to form schema, and with each stage there came new methods for organising knowledge together with the acquisition of new schema. Schemas are Form action plans which guide us in understanding what is going on around us (Hayes b. P.15) These are similar to responses but imply more cognitive processes. A schema includes ideas, information, actions and plans. People can learn by adopting new schemes or combine smaller already present schemes to create new larger ones. (Hayes a. 1999 P.98) In contrast of Piaget, Vygotsky, a Russian psychologist and philosopher in the

The Mozart Effect Essay - 1215 Words

The Mozart Effect Ever since human intelligence has been a factor for survival, people have been trying to think of new, innovative ways to increase their mental capabilities. In the past, people have taken pills, prepared home-made concoctions, and have even shaven their heads to clear their minds. Even now, new ideas, such as magnetic mattresses for better blood circulation to the brain, are patented and sold promising mental wellness and stability – and making money for the inventor. When scientists find something that enhances intelligence the general public is interested. This is perhaps why a small study out of the University of California, Irvine procured so much attention. In 1993 Gordon Shaw, a physicist, and Frances†¦show more content†¦The Mozart group had an average eight to nine points higher when the tests were translated into spatial IQ scores. They also found, however, that this affect lasted for only ten to fifteen minutes. The scientists concluded that the benefits to special/temporal reasoning would require complex rather than repetitive music, however, did not go as far as to say that this music must be that of Mozart. They also made it clear that these findings were indeed isolated to the special/temporal realm and did not translate to other areas of intelligence such as verbal reasoning or short-term memory. This was indeed a fairly informal study, performed on a mere thirty-six people – a small group from which to make less wrong conclusions based on observations. This, however, did not seem to matter to the general public. In 1993, when this study was written up in Nature both the media and the general population couldnt believe it. This was an easy, inexpensive way to increase your intelligence; and it was proven. The concept exploded. Soon there were products on the market. CDs with titles like Mozart for Meditaion and Mozart for the Mind could be found at any major CD retailer. There was a significant jump in the amount of Mozart played by orchestras. In a couple of years the assumption was made that if the Mozart Effect worked on adults than it stands to reason that it would help babies as well. A toy company produces a teddy bear whose stomach played Mozart quietly toShow MoreRelatedThe Mozart Effect Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart effect† is a believe t hat listening to music could enhance individuals’ intelligence, and therefore lead to better performance in various spheres, such as languages and arithmetics. There are researches pointed out that listening to music while tasks performance would result in significant boost of scores. The effect of listening to Mozart’s music on spatial seasoning was looked over in 1933 by Dr. Rauscher, three common tests about abstract spatial reasoning were given to the participantsRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To many, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreEssay On Mozart Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect, broadly stated, is the idea that music can help with many other aspects of a student’s education. Its research started decades ago and is still highly debated today, with some condition to the findings. However, in Bob Duke’s article, he explains why it doesn’t matter whether of not it helps tests scores. He believes we should not be using this as an excuse for keeping music programs because there are countless better reasons. Duke’s article highly reinforced why I personally believeRead More The Mozart Effect Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mozart Effect is a study that shows listening to classical music can have positive effects on learning and attitude. This occurrence is called the Mozart Effect, and it has been proven in experiments by many scientists. This research has caused much controversy between believe rs and nonbelievers, because The Mozart Effect is said to enhance the brain and reasoning; it is also used to reduce stress, depression, or anxiety; it induces relaxation or sleep; and the Mozart Effect activates the bodyRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreThe Mozart Effect and Infant Intelligence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIn modern society intelligence is highly competitive and subject to scrutiny; therefore, it is understandable that a child’s intelligence is a primary concern for many parents. The Mozart effect, popularised in the 1990s, resulted in many parents believing that simply exposing their child to music composed by Mozart would improve their intelligence (Campbell, 1997). The claim was founded by research published in the journal Nature, which suggested that spatial reasoning could be temporarily enhancedRead MoreEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: theRead MoreMusic Of Mozart Effect On Children1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"Mozart effect† is a statement based on research studies claiming that listening to the music of Mozart may produce an increase in your IQ and performance in certain types of mental tasks. This effect was applied not just to adults, but later also to unborn and postpartum babies up to 60 days old. The â€Å"Mozart effect† stemmed from research carried out in 1993 by researchers Frances H. Rauscher, Gordon L. Shaw and Katherine N. Ky at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at UC IrvineRead MoreThe Mozart Effect of Boosting IQ863 Words   |  3 Pagesthemselves as entrepreneurs are going along with this and trying to build up their IQs because they feel it may end up helping them in the long run. This people are the ones who are motivation is the center of this book by Don Campbell called â€Å"The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind and Unlock the Creative Spirit†. Music is what has a outstanding result on individuals because they tend to take time to listen to Music, and this people are the ones who possessRead MoreEssay about The mozart effect1002 Words   |  5 Pages The Mozart Effect Does classical music really help you study better? Many recent research studies show that music idoes in fact improve cognitive thinking. In 1993, researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered the so-called Mozart Effect - that college students â€Å"who listened to ten minutes of Mozarts Sonata for Two Pianos in D major K448 before taking an IQ test scored nine points higher† than when they had sat in silence or listened to relaxation tapes. Other studies have

Effects towards the Academic Perfomance of Working Students free essay sample

The pros and cons of working while in college depend not necessarily on the job itself but instead on how often a student works. Having a part-time job while in school gives students insight into what its like in the work environment and also what it means to earn money. Having a job could also be an eye-opener to some people that money is not gained very easily. Having a job also comes with convenient cash. With a paying job, you can easily pull out some cash when you have immediate needs. Work breeds independence. You will be a master of multi-tasking even before you start your very own professional career in the future. By then, it would not be as challenging as it would be without any experience. Adversely, having a job may bring also disadvantages towards a students life. If you have a job, this automatically means that you will have less time to do your other activities and also study. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects towards the Academic Perfomance of Working Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This might cause you to have bad grades. Overworked teens tend to sleep and exercise less and spend less time with their families. Getting a job might also cause an overwhelming load of stress for students. Layman Balance, 2012) Studies have shown that working 20 hours a week or less has no significant impact on a students grades. In fact, students who work 15 hours a week or less while attending college have higher grades than students who dont work. Researchers believe that working pushes students to manage their time more effectively and to eliminate unproductive activities, such as watching television. However, a full 50 percent of undergraduate part-timers clock in 20 hours or more per week, and these students are more likely to drop out of college than students who work fewer hours.Homework assignments and study time compete with extracurricular activities, hobbies and chores. Students may feel that they do not have enough time to keep up with demands of school and life. While it is impossible to add more hours to a day, students can increase productivity by implementing time-management strategies. Managing time may be a personal challenge, but strengthening this skill can help improve academic performance. (Erin R. Wheeler, 2012). Students who are also employed are probably working to help pay for allege.Those same students may likewise be on scholarship, which adds even more pressure to excel. Poor job performance can result in job loss; poor academics can result in scholarship forfeiture. Either can mean that a student can no longer afford tuition and may risk her college education. Those students who work hard at school and jobs and then squeeze in time for a social life and family obligations often do so at the peril of their own health. Late nights, poor diet, alcohol and drug use, and a lack of exercise are a good combination for bad health.The stress of a students balancing act can bring on a host of mental and physical maladies and can exacerbate existing conditions. Anxiety, depression, substance abuse and eating disorders are just a few of the unintended consequences of trying to maintain an impossible schedule. And as they strive and fail, students may take additional hits to their self-esteem, feeling like they just cannot measure up to impossible standards. (Linda Emma, 201 1) With the freedom to choose how to spend your time, you may find yourself struggling to maintain your grades and keep up with new friends.If you find yourself wishing for more hours in the day, focusing your priorities and learning some time management skills can help you balanc e your college schedule. (Shelley Frost, 2011) Students also face more indirect conflicts with high academic achievement from areas like finances and family support. Financial problems can still impede success. Limited finances can affect a students ability to budget school expenses. Some students go to college because of parental pressure or influence.However, others may go to school of their own volition and have little to no uncial or emotional support from parents and other family members. (Neil Compeller, 2009) Taking on a part-time job while studying at university can booster bank balance and your skills in the workplace. But to get the most out of the experience, make sure you know your employment rights and what practicalities you need to deal with. Students who work part-time are legally entitled to be treated the same as comparable full-time workers; that is, workers on the same type of contract with the same employer.

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay Example

Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 Essay â€Å"Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave. † Discuss ways in which Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’. Yeats presents the Romantic in ‘September 1913’ in such a way that it is no longer there, but also that there is a chance for the Romantic to be saved and brought back to Ireland. â€Å"Yeats saw literature and politics as intertwined,† Yeats used ‘September 1913’ as a political, as well as cultural, message to get across his views on the state of Ireland and its culture. ‘September 1931’ cane be said to be a response to mercenary employers who locker their workers out in the General Strike of 1913. It could also refer to the refusal of commercial interests to support Yeats’ appeal for money to build an art gallery to house the Lane Collection. Yeats makes explicit links between his political and cultural concerns. I believe that by ‘Romantic Ireland’ Yeats meant an Ireland that is not dominated by power and money. A critic wrote of Yeats that â€Å"For him ‘Romantic Ireland’ meant that large-minded attitude beyond the mere calculation of economic or political advantage that he saw in the present,† This attitude for Yeats was incarnated in his sometime Fenian mentor John O’Leary. John O’Leary (1830-1907) a dignified and well-read man represented Yeats’ vision of the ideal romantic nationalist. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yeats Presentation of Romantic Ireland in September 1913 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was a Fenian who introduced Yeats to Irish writing in translation and also taught him that â€Å"there is no fine nationality without literature, and†¦ the converse also, that there is no fine literature without nationality,† The first stanza of ‘September 1913’ focuses on the pursuit of money. â€Å"But fumble in a greasy till. And add the halfpence to the pence. Yeats is talking about the employers in their relentless pursuit of money, and how they are petty for being interested in such a small amount of money. This creates an image of Ireland that is negative, where Ireland is dominated by power and greed. This use of imagery reinforces Yeats’ point that â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone†. Yeats then links money to religion and how their beliefs are a false front, â€Å"And prayer to shivering prayer,† Prayer should be warm if genuine, so use of the word â€Å"shivering† implies that they are doing it out of fear, or perhaps even desperation to further their own gain and wealth. The last two lines are the first time we see use of the word Romantic, â€Å"Romantic Irelands dead and gone, Its with O’Leary in the grave. † Yeats strongly believed in Irish culture and folklore and here he admits that they have been lost in the minds of the people. The second stanza immediately changes tone, becoming retrospective. â€Å"Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play,† Yeats believes that merchants have forgotten their origins, as if they are playing pretend just as children do. Yeats then writes how Irish Patriots have become known around the world, â€Å"They have gone about the world like wind,† Yeats could also mean that even thought they are dead and buried, their beliefs and messages are still remembered by people around the world, and also in Ireland. Yeats foreshadows the death of the Patriots, which is the focus of the next stanza. â€Å"For whom the hangman’s rope was spun,† Using the words â€Å"hangman’s rope† creates a strong visual image of death and sacrifice. This use of imagery is to remind the people of Ireland what was sacrificed in an attempt to resurrect Romantic Ireland. Yeats the bitterly comments on what the Patriots achieved, that their sacrifice was possibly in vain. â€Å"And what, God help us, could they save? † At the beginning of the third stanza, Yeats mentions the Irish soldiers. â€Å"Was it for this the wild geese spread† After the penal Laws of 1691 prevented many Irishmen serving in the British Army, Irish soldiers known as ‘Wild Geese’ served abroad in European Armies. Yeats then directly mentions the Irish Patriots. â€Å"For this that all that blood was shed, For this that Edward Fitzgerald died, and Robert Emmet and Wolfe Tone,† This is important to the presentation of Romantic in the poem, as Yeats would have seen the Patriots as a symbol of free Ireland, and therefore a symbol of Romantic Ireland. Yeats implies madness and idealism in the next line, suggesting that the Patriots were blinded by their ideals, â€Å"All that delirium of the brave? In the final stanza Yeats is regretful, that even though people laid down their lives, nothing was achieved. â€Å"They weighed so lightly what they gave† This refers to how people, such as the Irish Patriots Yeats saw as a symbol of Romantic Ireland, saw their lives as nothing compared to what they fought for. Overall Yeats presents the Romantic as gone, and that all the efforts were wasted and useless. He continues this through the first three stanzas, but then almost seems to change his mind in the last stanza. But let them be, they’re dead and gone, They’re with O’Leary in the grave. † It is as if Yeats is saying that even though the Patriots themselves are dead, their beliefs and ideals can be picked up and continued by a new generation of heroes. However it can also be said that Yeats has given up, after seeing how much was given to achieve so little, and that he believes that Romantic Ireland is truly lost and that there is no way to bring it back.

Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Essay Example

Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Essay Example Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Paper Globalization of Korean Popular Culture in Asia Paper S. E. S, Wonder Girls, Tohoshinki and Super Junior. Music companies selecte members with different specialties, such as proficiency in Japanese, Mandarin or English, in order to attract more supporters from different places. Two of the members of S. E. S were selected because of their fluency of Japanese and English while the Chinese member of Wonder Girls helps the group to gain popularity in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong. The strategies of music companies lead to the increasing popularity of Korean Pop(K-Pop) which further intensified the Korean Wave in Asia. 3. Subjective Factor: Attitude of Koreans towards Korean Entertaining Industries Superficially, Korean entertaining industries can sustainably developed and expanded is because of the good strategies of the companies, whereas, fundamentally, it is because of the attitude of Koreans towards entertaining industries. Unlike other regions or countries, Koreans consider popular culture as an important factor in improving their lives. As mentioned before, the influence of Korean Wave is currently spreading across Asia, covering areas include China, Japan and Taiwan, even Hong Kong’s popular culture is undergoing revolutionary changes. Influence brought by the Korean Wave is powerful that it seems unstoppable. However, before the existence of the Korean Wave, the situation is totally different. Japanese popular culture was in fashion and had a great influence to Korea as well as in Asia. Korean popular culture can never compare with Japanese popular culture, and at the same time, Koreans are inferior to Japanese. When Japanese government implemented the San Francisco peace treaty in 1952, the Japanese government one-sidedly deprived the Japanese nationality from those Koreans who had stayed in Japan, and Koreans are even subjected to the rigid control of alien registration law. Koreans can either choose to return to Korea or naturalize to be Japanese(Kim 134). The induction of such policy had brought an identity crisis to Koreans. However, when Korean popular culture rise suddenly and gain immense popularity in Asia, Koreans start to be proud of being a Korean, which has greatly increased their self-recognition and of his country(Kim 136). They believe that the Korean Wave would help in improving their images in Japan and other places in Asia. Therefore, they hold an optimistic view towards Korean entertaining industries. As Koreans recognize the Korean Wave is a possible way of improving their images, they become more willing to enter the entertaining industries. Their entry provides resources, talents, technology and creativity to Korean entertaining industries. TV dramas no longer have to be with the traditional values, but with new themes, and pop songs are not restricted to be suited with dancing only. After the participation of these new comers, more creative works can be found. Yet, without appropriate actors and singers, the newly composed movie scripts and songs cannot shine with its soul. The young generation is also affected by the Korean Wave that they desire to become pop stars as their idols. According to a research conducted by Choi, A predominate number of youths express their preference in service sector or entertainment industries(Choi 269). Their parents also support their decisions of being trainees because they think it is their honor to have a pop stars in their families. Therefore, children are sent to the entertaining or music companies for training when they are still receiving secondary education. Although the training period is long, which usually take at least four years to up to ten years, they can still keep their faith and endure the brutal trainings. They believe that they can shine on stage one day. After years of training, their singing, dancing and acting skills are guaranteed before putting on stage. As a result, there are sufficient supply of creative scripts and songs, together with artists and singers, the Korean Wave can be sustainably developed and continue to spread to Asia, leading to an important trend in Asia. 4. Objective Factor: Globalization The Korean entertaining industries grow stronger with the good strategies of entertaining companies and the participation of new comers. Yet, Korean popular culture cannot turn to the Korean Wave and spread through Asia without the factor of globalization. There are different definitions of globalization from various scholars, but in general terms, globalization can be understood as a multi-dimensional and complex process of profound transformations in all spheres, including technological, economic, political, social, cultural, intimate and personal. With the improvement of communication technology, worldwide social relations and consciousness of world society are intensified. In other words, globalization suggests the expanding scale, speeding up and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of social interaction(Held and McGrew 3). The Korean Wave is a result of the globalization of technology and the media, as Sung said(vii). With the improvement of communication technology and transportation, the Korean Wave can affect the whole Asia within a short period of time. Firstly, the advancement of communication technology, also including TV broadcasting and the Internet, play an important role in intensification of the Korean Wave. With the invention and popularization of television, products, as well as TV dramas and pop songs can be promoted more easily and effectively. The latest information about Korean popular culture can be known immediately. Korean TV dramas and music videos are also shown on TV frequently. Some of the TV stations even establish a new channel for broadcasting Korean programs, such as J2 in Hong Kong and Channel V in Taiwan. The former broadcasts Korean TV dramas and entertaining programs while the latter featured Korean pop music videos and both of them have created a base for Korean popular culture in Asia. The invention of internet further facilitates the exchange of information within Korea and other places. One of the advantages of using the Internet is that there is no time difference. People in other places can follow the latest information of Korea through the internet. Besides, the internet also provides an effective platform for promotion. Youtube is a platform for Korean music companies to promote their artists and singers. In July 2006, more than 1. 6 million US visitors watched 21 million video streams per day, which means each people watched about 13 video streams every day(Browne 184). The internet and Youtube are, therefore, used as a useful tool for updating the recent status of artists and publicizing their masterpieces. Apart from the advancement of communication technology, the development of transportation also eliminates the geographical constraints, which encourage Korean artists and singers to travel around Asia and promote their works. As travelling time is shortened between destinations, most of Korea’s topnotch singers take their concerts to Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo. They bring along with their albums, having songs in local languages of the places, to publicize their works and maximize the local support. For instance, Wonder Girls recomposed the lyrics of their song â€Å"Nobody† from Korean to Mandarin before holding their concert in Taiwan. And when they go to places where the concerts are held, they take part in the recording of local entertaining programs. As a result, in the journey of holding concerts, they would appear on the entertaining programs, entertainment news and, of course, in the concert, the effect of their visiting and the influence of Korean Wave can easily be imagined With the improvement of communication technology and popularization of television and internet, the world became flat, as Friedman suggests(4), which means exchange of information is easy. 5. Objective Factor: Hybridity The simplest definition of hybridity refers to mixture. In the contemporary world, hybridity are used to describe popular culture, racial mixing, cuisine and anything which is combined by two or more elements. In terms of popular culture, hybridity refers to the combination of more than one culture. There can be two meanings in the case of Korean popular culture, one is that Korean popular culture itself is a hybrid that forms by numerous cultures, so Korean popular culture is more special and can easily to fit in other culture. Another is that cultures nowadays are hybrids; therefore, Korean popular culture is easy to be accepted. For Korean popular culture itself, it combined Japanese, Chinese and also American culture together, and formed its Korean popular culture. Korea had become colony of China and Japan, therefore greatly influenced by these two cultures. From Sui Dynasty, Korea was a vassal state under the protection of China. Korea sent students to Changan, the capital of Tang Dyansty, to learn Chinese culture. Korea is under the influence of Chinese culture from long time ago. The traditional values of Chinese cultures, such as filial piety, respect for elderly and loyalty, also deeply rooted in the Korean culture. When China was defeated by Japan in the Sino-Japanese War, Korea was given to Japan and start to be influence by Japan. Although Korea was freed after the Second World War, it was still under great influence of Japanese culture. At that time, Japan was receiving post-war assistance from the United States and American culture started to mix with Japanese culture. As a result, Korean popular culture has absorbed foreign elements, such as Chinese, Japanese and American, while still keeping its own traditions and values(Kim 292). This underlying dynamic help put the Korean Wave forward. On the other hand, people usually think that hybrid is stronger and more beautiful than the pure, both historically and biologically(Kim 292). As Korean popular culture involves Chinese, Japanese and American elements, it can fulfill audiences’ desire. Hence, the Korean Wave is formed and intensified within a short period of time. Moreover, because of globalization, information can be transmitted quickly. To keep the own culture without any foreign influence is hard to achieve. People generally have a greater acceptance and tolerance towards foreign culture. In this era of hybridity, it is understandable that why Korean popular culture can give a big hit to Asia. With these two definitions together, the reasons why Korean popular culture can affect Asia is obvious, including the rich content of Korean popular culture and the high acceptance of people in Asia. 6. Impact: Cultural Imperialism Korean popular culture rise and receive strong reaction within a short period of time, it seems only an exchange of culture in different places. Yet, the Korean Wave actually has resulted in cultural imperialism. Imperialism is defined as a function of the inequalities of size, power, wealth, and national resources that are built into the international system as it is a cause of those inequalities(Ninkovich 7). And cultural imperialism, which is also translated into â€Å"media imperialism† by some theorists, can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude(Tomlinson 6). That means the spread of Korean popular culture generally exploited other’s local culture. Korean films, TV dramas, pop songs and entertaining programs continue to gain popularity in Asia. As the Korean TV dramas are cheaper than the Japanese one, the Japanese TV dramas are soon replaced by the Korean one. Chinese TV stations also stopped to produce TV dramas because the cost of purchasing a Korean TV drama is lower than producing a new one. Thus, Korean TV dramas, such as Stairway to Heaven, Coffee Prince, He’s Beautiful, continued to attract people’s attention. Meanwhile, K-pop floods the market of popular music. Music companies in Asia purchase the copyright of Korean pop songs and rewrite the lyrics in their local language for their artists to perform. In Hong Kong, the lyrics of â€Å"Mister† from KARA is recomposed into Cantonese, which also named â€Å"Mister† perform by Miyoko Lau and Renee Lee. In Taiwan, the lyrics of â€Å"T. O. P. † by Shinhwa is rewritten in Mandrin, which became â€Å"Remember† performed by S. H. E. Besides recomposing lyrics, Korean popular songs are also performed by other singers in different occasions. For instance, Show Luo, a male artist from Taiwan, performed â€Å"Nobody† from Wonder Girls in an entertaining program. These can show that the growth of Korean popular culture influence the entertaining industries in Asia. As Tomlinson suggests, cultural imperialism can be seen as the dominance of one culture’s media(text, practices) over another or as the global spread of â€Å"mass-mediated culture†(22). Although the immense popularity of Korean Wave helps spread of Korean popular culture, at the same time, destroyed the original and local culture in other places. Before the Korean Wave, composers and artists creates their own works, yet, with the Korean Wave, their creativity and originality are affected by the Korean style. If this continues to happen, the unique culture of each place would diminish and gradually disappeared. This will bring serious consequences, and is possible to occur. 7. Conclusion It is an undeniable and unstoppable truth that the Korean Wave has brought Asia a big hit. By considering the factors that lead to globalization of Korean popular culture, we can understand why the Korean Wave happens so much, and the answer of whether the Korean Wave still has such a strong effect on Asia is also predictable. First of all, the Korean entertaining industries and pop stars provide enough support for the continuous development of Korean popular culture. There are impressive films, TV dramas and entertaining programs, with the associated artists, which have already laid down the foundation of the Korean Wave. TV programs are seriously produced with technical expects and professional performers, together with the catchy theme songs, it is difficult to not catch the hearts of people in Asia. The strength of Korean pop stars and artists can also attract people who are tired of their local but weak ones. Moreover, as the attitude of Koreans towards popular culture do not change, Korean popular culture is possible to further develop. There is sufficient supply reserve for entertaining industries. They facilitate the growth of the Korean Wave and, at the same time, also support the expansion of the influence of Korean popular culture. Adding the factors such as globalization and hybridity, Korean popular culture spread through Asia quickly and effectively. As the communication technology has been improved, information flow becomes more convenient. The invention of internet, wireless technology and satellite also facilitate information exchange, people can receive Korean latest information easily. The influence of the Korean Wave then becomes stronger and stronger. However, can the Korean Wave further affected people’s minds and deep-rooted in the market of popular culture is still questionable. The Korean Wave rose suddenly and swept through Asia in about 10 years, from the late 1990s to present. Would the Korean Wave leave as fast as it comes? There are some issues that should be paid attention to if the Korean popular culture still aims at maintaining its influence or further expand. Firstly, as one of the reasons that the Korean wave can be so successful that is the hybridity of its popular culture. Then what if there is another popular culture growing with more foreign elements which arouse the curiosity of people. What if Korean popular culture has no great breakthrough which made people lost interests. The Korean Wave will surely decline if these come true. Secondly, as mentioned in the above paragraphs, the Korean Wave caused cultural imperialism that destroyed the local cultures. What should Korea respond to the decreasing demand of Korean TV dramas, so as to protect the development of Korean popular culture? The Korean Wave is definitely strong in the early 2000s, but it seems starting to decline these years. There is a Chinese saying â€Å"it is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open†, which Korean popular culture is now facing this issue. In what ways that the Korean popular culture can sustainably grow, both Korean entertaining industries and Koreans should think this issue deeply. Bibliography Beng Huat, Chua Iwabuchi, Koichi. East Asian Pop Culture: Analysing the Korean Wave. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong Press, 2008. Print. Browne, Ray Broadus. Popular Culture Values and the Arts: Essays on Elitism Versus Democratization. Jefferson: McFarland. 2009. Print. Choi, Jung Ah. New Generation’s Career Aspirations and New Ways of Marginalization in a Postindustrial Economy. British Journal of Sociology of Education. London: Routledge, (2010). P. 269-283 Diffrient, David Scott. â€Å"Shiri†. Film Quarterly 54. 3 (2001): 40-46. Print. Faiola, Anthony. â€Å"Japanese Women Catch the Korean Wave†. The Washington Post. 006: 1. Web. 10 May 2011. Friedman, Thomas L. The World Is Flat. London, England: Penguin Books. 2005. Print. Held, David. and McGrew, Anthony. The Global Transformations. Cambridge: Polity. 2003. Print. Kim, Youna. Media Consumption and Everyday Life in Asia. Routledge Advances in Internationalizing Media Studies. New York: Taylor Francis Group, 2008. Kin, Joong Keun. Koreas Changing Roles in South East Asia. Singapore: Institute of South East Asian studies, 2010, Print. Ninkovich, Frank A. The United States and Imperialism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Inc, 2001. Print. Segers, Frank. â€Å"Korea Movies†. Hollywood Reporter, April 19, 2000, 14-16. Shin, Hyunjoon. â€Å"Have you ever seen the Rain? And wholl stop the Rain? : the globalizing project of Korean pop (K-pop)†, Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 10: 4 (2009), 507 -523. Print. Sung, Sang Yeon. Globalization and the Regional Flow of Popular Music: the Role of the Korean Wave(Hanliu) in the Construction of Taiwanese Identities and Asian Values. 2008. Tomlinson, John. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. Print.

Selfridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Selfridge - Essay Example The impact of this culture cannot be underestimated. Corporate culture can be the "the hardest part of managing any enterprise...," and those companies that "know how to develop their cultures effectively enjoy significant advantages in both the productivity of their organizations and the quality of work life for employees" (Schulz 2001: 29). In Selfridges' management's approach, the company has set forth a corporate culture that, in part, seeks to bring personal responsibility into the workplace. This approach touches the needs of employees to engage in meaningful and responsible employment. A second notable result of the Selfridges' approach to culture is to provide for individual employee enrichment. The company actually accomplishes this by using the principle of job autonomy and team accountability to provide the individual worker with a sense of significant contribution to the final product. As each employee devotes himself to the process at hand, they are personally enriched by knowing that they are making a positive contribution to the overall operational goals of the organization; they see that the corporate goal is being accomplished through their own effort. This makes a significant impact upon the morale of the workforce because they are allowed to see the larger picture. They are not just employed in, for example, selling clothing. They are a part of a larger family that is supplying a valuable service to customers. Management, by choice or by necessity, oversees two types of HRM change; incremental change or the more dramatic transformational change (Conger, et. al 1999: 223). In the course of controlling the process, executives should seek to build and maintain an amicable and trustworthy change management methodology to ensure an enthusiastic workforce and a positive workplace environment. Management will never successfully implement an efficient transition if employees do not have confidence in them; yet they are vital in bringing about changes that impact the corporate culture: Organizations develop cultures that incorporate the values and practices of their leaders. Culture evolves through the accumulation of actions and events the members of an organization experience. Leaders-especially the organization's founders--play a key role in this evolutionary process. They, more than any other actor, are critical in structuring experiences within the group that point toward desired results. Leaders also emphasize some experiences over others and, in this way, further focus the acculturation process. (Fairholm 1994: 67) It is within the implementation of a new or altered culture-such as a change HRM approach-that employee confidence has its greatest impact on the workplace environment (Creech 1995: 35). It is a simple fact that HRM involves people talking to people. If management has been trustworthy and straightforward with its workers, they are going to be much more receptive to the changes that are being made. In a changing environment such as Selfridges, an executive or team leader that has a bad relationship with his people-or no relationship at all-could create an antagonistic

Emergency Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Technologies - Essay Example Additionally, the discussion delves on the disadvantages of the same technologies in abetting crimes such as hacking and phising. There are various advantages of computers and the use of computer technology in investigations. For instance, in the determination of crimes, it is essential to conduct forensic investigations. This is to identify their authenticity in order to unearth the evidence. However, despite the numerous benefits of forensics, it also has its disadvantages. On that note, the prevention of crimes such as corporate fraud, intellectual property disputes, phising and contravention of the contract would most likely apply computer technology such as forensics to find the truth. For instance, computer technology through forensics enables the investigators to search and examine hug amount of data fast and efficiently (Moore, 2010). In other words, such technology uses search keywords stored in a hard drive found in different languages. Additionally, computer technology mit igates on cyber crimes because they occur in the internet. Alternatively, the use of forensics is making it easy to recover valuable data that was previously lost and deleted especially in a court of law.