John Locke The Defender Of Limited Government - 1462 Words

To many, John Locke is known as the defender of limited government. Locke’s limited government can be defined as one in which â€Å"a morally legitimate government coerces only those who freely and voluntarily consent to its authority† (Locke on Government, Arneson). Therefore, in Locke’s theory of politics, a government can only work if its people are consenting. Locke defines consent as either explicit or tacit. Explicit can be defined as obvious whereas tacit would fall under what is understood without being directly stated. For example, one would give explicit consent when signing up for the military and all the government would ask of them; yet on the other hand, one would express tacit consent by simply existing within the chosen state. To live in a state entails that certain laws and regulations must be abided by; however, one still has the ability choose to live in that state. In Locke’s perspective, a limited government is the only type that can w ork because of this idea of consent. According to Locke, humans are ‘free an equal’--therefore, all men are in common and consequently, all men have the ability to consent. This way of thinking is central to Locke’s theory of politics for several reasons. To summarize Locke’s view of government, there should be: a structure of laws, two Social Contracts, consent, legislative power, and an executive power. Locke believed that all men are in a â€Å"state of equality† as well as naturally in a â€Å"state of perfect freedom† (pg. 713).Show MoreRelatedJohn Locke : The Most Influential Philosophical And Political Thinker917 Words   |  4 PagesThe Key to Locke John Locke â€Å"proved to be the most influential philosophical and political thinker of the seventeenth century† (Kagen 213). He lived in a period of great political change; Locke’s upbringing came to influence his philosophies, and these ideas had much significance in regards to the Enlightenment. Locke was born on August 29, 1632 in Wrington, Somerset (John Locke 9: 478). Early on came the outbreak of the English Civil War. Anglican and possessing Puritan sympathies, Locke’s fatherRead MoreThe Morality Of The Market System897 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious systems currently in use. Two concepts are discussed one says that the business system should be planned; the other that it should be a free market system. Further the chapter discusses the various arguments for and against free markets and government regulation as well as the possibility of a hybrid mixed economy system. Introduction to Business Systems begins by discussing Globalization has connected nations together to move goods, services, capital and knowledge freely â€Å"Free Markets/Free Trade†Read MoreEssay about European Expansion Moves to the New World1653 Words   |  7 PagesThus in the beginning all the World was America. Interestingly, the development of Lockes ideas of property and money ca me at a time when Europeans expansion into the New World was just beginning to take hold (source). The very definition of economic imperialism is that countries expand their territories to collect resources in order to garner economic profit. The more robust economies tend to become the most powerful nations, and so the control of resources is sought out in order to monopolize bothRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The Civil War1578 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity, as opposed to equality of outcome. They held that equality should be regarded in functional terms and equality in voting, equality before law and equality of economic opportunity became their chief concerns. William G. Sumner, a staunch defender of the Darwinian ideals of individual liberty and laissez faire, was of the opinion that formal equality is an essential characteristic of the American democratic culture and complements the traditional American values of hard work and meritocracyRead MoreJurisprudential Theories on IPR13115 Words   |  53 Pagesproperty, such as: 1. Natural Rights/Justice Argument: this argument is based on Locke’s idea that a person has a natural right over the labour and/or products which is produced by his/her body. Appropriating these products is viewed as unjust. Although Locke had never explicitly stated that natural right applied to products of the mind,[34]  it is possible to apply his argument to intellectual property rights, in which it would be unjust for people to misuse anothers ideas.[35]  Lokeans argument for intellectualRead MoreEssay about Tolerance, Liberalism, and Community3324 Words   |  14 Pagesmany views on many topics. I will confine my attention to the liberal principle of tolerance: the coercive powers of the society are limited by a commitment to the broadest toleration of rival religious and moral conceptions consistent with the protection of crucial social interests such as preventing harm to others and preserving institutions of law and government. The state is thus to be neutral i n the religious and moral wars that rage over the point of human life and the detailed ways of lifeRead MoreRethinking Mercantalism Essay15042 Words   |  61 Pageseconomy and empire, the Warwick eighteenth-century seminar, the participants in the Yale/NYU workshop on political economy and empire, Amanda Behm, Maxine Berg, Trevor Burnard, Mara Caden, Megan Cherry, Justin duRivage, Avner Offer, Jim Robinson, John Shovlin, Abby Swingen, James Vaughn, and Carl Wennerlind for their comments on this article. 1 Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. R. H. Campbell, A. S. Skinner, and W. B. Todd (Indianapolis, Ind., 1981)Read MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesher as a slave. Her first husband, Lewis Leary, was killed in 1859 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, during John Browns raid on the federal arsenal. Throughout Mary Langstons life, she treasured Lewiss bullet-riddled shawl, an emblem of his martyrdom. She often covered young Langston with it as he slept on her daybed. Mary Langstons first husband, Lewis Leary, had participated in John Browns raid against the U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry. (Library of Congress) In 1869, Grandmother MaryRead MoreA Weapon for Self Defense: Criminal Law and Procedure3008 Words   |  13 PagesHobbes argues that although some may be stronger or more intelligent than others in their natural state, none are so strong as to be beyond a fear of violent death, which justifies self-defense as the highest necessity. In the Two Treatises of Government, John Locke asserts the reason why an owner would give up their autonomy: ...the enjoyment of the property he has in this state is very unsafe, very unsecure. This makes him willing to quit a condition, which, however free, is full of fears andRead MoreEssay Reveiw4144 Words   |  17 PagesRoyal Council in both Spain and England helped monarchs regulate legal affairs and economy but only to a limited extent. Louis XI in France was able to est. 1st national army and a bureaucracy/taxes (Taille and Gabelle) to support it. This was significant. 3. Label not warranted: Royal power did increase but not dramatically. Compared to absolutist monarchs, the new monarchs role was still limited. Not until the monarchies controlled the church did things actually change. Spain did create a â€Å"national

Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Essay

â€Å"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth processor during breastfeeding.† There is no cure for HIV or AIDS but over time different types of medications have been developed that slows down the advancement of the disease. AIDS is a lethal disease that is caused by HIV. HIV destroys the immune system and causes the body to not be able to fight off any diseases. HIV goes through several different movements before it leads to AIDs. The first step is the serioconversion illness. This symptoms of this illness is very similar to the flu and an affected individual will†¦show more content†¦TB is caused by a bacterial infection known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. If a patient is sick with TB is considered a disease. The infection is prevalent in the HIV population because approximately 13 million Americans are effected by the TB bacteria. It typically involves the lungs but can also affect the brain and other organ systems. The TB germ is airborne and can live in the air for several hours. Once an affected person coughs or sneezes another person breathes in the germ and becomes infected. A patient with TB and HIV/AIDS will have to take an antibiotics long term to battle the infection. They will have to go through two phases of medication. The initial phase consists of utilizing drugs such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifamycin, and etha mbutol for the first couple of months. Then the patient will enter into the continuation phase, during this phase the patient will take the isoniazid and rifamycin for approximately four months. HIV patient’s that are taking antiretroviral for the HIV will have to take the antibiotics longer. A person taking treatment for TB has to be careful because the antibiotic can cause liver damage. According to the CDC, roughly 6% of all TB cases are from patients with HIV or AIDS. In 1992 the United States had a dramatic increase in TB cases but has decreased ever since. Recently a group of researchers at John HopkinsShow MoreRelatedCommunicable Disease934 Words   |  4 Pagesestimates that 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and nearly one in five of those are not aware that they are infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an infection that slowly destroys the immune system, which makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a communicable disease transmitted throughRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In 1981, the first cases in the United States of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) developed in Los Angeles and New York (Fraser, Burd, Liebson, Lipschik, Peterson, 2008). The illness presented itself among several homosexual males who developed rare opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Sharp Hahn, 2011). At the time, medical professionals deemed the infections to beRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the l arge numberRead MoreApplying Public Health Principles For The Hiv Epidemic923 Words   |  4 PagesApplying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic In the article â€Å"Applying public health principles to the (HIV) epidemic† I learned that the HIV virus is spread by people who do not know that they are infected. This article argues that it is time to find a comprehensive public health method that will help stopped this epidemic from spreading even more. This article also talks about the ways HV is transmitted and what can we do to protect ourselves from this virus. It took two decades for the UnitedRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is A Serious Infectious Disease1374 Words   |  6 Pagescure for HIV. Although, the human immunodeficiency virus is treatable, there is currently no vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Once a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus will be in that person body for the rest of their life. Research indicates that once a person becomes diagnose with HIV, denial, acute depression, and anxiety are all forms of responses (Rubenstei n, Sorrentino, 2008). In order to develop a good treatment plan, oneRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Also Known As Hiv, Continuous1519 Words   |  7 PagesHuman immunodeficiency virus, also known as HIV, continuous to be an epidemic crisis. HIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.Unlike other viruses once HIV is acquired the human body can not get rid of it. Sub Saharan Africa is currently the most affected region for HIV/AIDS, Men in the region seem to be the most affected. There is currently no cure for HIV, however there is possible treatment, as well as ways one can prevent developing the virus. HIV/AIDS continousRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pages The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the human wellbeing by attacking the body’s immune system which is the natural defense system in the human body to resist infections. When the immune system is being compromised, the body becomes less capable of fighting diseases, allowing the body to become more susceptible to infections. Different from other viruses that the body can get rid of, HIV will remain in the body for life (Wright and Carnes, 2016). HIV works by attacking the CD4Read MoreAIDS/HIV Its Effects on Popular Culture Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocent health care worker. Some people may sadly consider their lives extinguished upon contraction of the in-curable virus, others will not let the infection rule their lives. However, the infection is no long-er considered a death sentence in contrast to what many may believe. Many people are igno-rant of the virus and continue to believe what was shared many years ago. What is HIV/AIDS, and what is its history? What is its effects on the body? How can it be, not cured, but treated? Who is atRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessl y for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreModern Day Methods Of Contracting1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe SIV virus from these non-human primates is discussed as well. As a result of these transmissions, the human immunodeficiency virus is brought to life. In this paper, this virus and its journey throughout history will be explained. Also, HIV and the different subfields this virus can be classified in are discussed throughout the research. As well as the where this virus was contracted, about the time when, and how it was possible. Also, the modern day methods of contracting this virus are listed

SIDS A Traumatic and Tragic Disease Free Essays

SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is a traumatic and tragic disease that affects thousands of babies throughout the world every year. There is no way of explaining the death of a child that has SIDS and there are no real ways of predicting if it could happen to any baby. What makes SIDS even worse is that the source of what exactly may be the cause of it is still unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on SIDS: A Traumatic and Tragic Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advanced research in the last 30 years has dramatically reduced the number of deaths. SIDS not only affects the infants but also the families of the infant and it proves to be a very tough and emotional experience for them. So what exactly is SIDS? The term SIDS was finally defined in 1969 as the sudden death of an infant or child, which is unexpected by history and in which a through post-mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause of death (Culbertson 3). Basically this is another way of saying that it is not known why these babies die. SIDS is not a new disease contrary to what some people might believe, but it has been happening throughout time, unexplained deaths of babies are even recorded in the bible. SIDS was probably the most neglected disease ever recorded in history of man. It wasn†t until recently that major steps were taken to figure out why babies were dying so unexpectedly and what could we do to prevent it from happening. So what exactly causes SIDS and is there anything we can do to prevent it? Well as of right now, the cause of SIDS is unknown. We do not know what causes SIDS and there are no consistent warning signs that might alert us to the risk of it. However, scientists and researchers have discovered many things that might attribute to the causes of SIDS. SIDS almost always occurs at night when the infant is sleeping. A higher incidence of SIDS is seen among premature and low birth weight children. Women who smoke and let their children be exposed to smoke give their children a higher risk of SIDS. Low birth rates among children have a higher chance of getting SIDS. Finally there is a much higher rate of SIDS when infants are placed on their stomach to sleep. (Culbertson, 8-10) One of the biggest recommendations physicians make to new parents today is to let their babies sleep on their back. Putting them on their back greatly decreases the risk of SIDS to their children. These are just some of the things that have been THEORIZED by scientists and researchers that are possibilities that could be attributing factors to SIDS. But of course these are all theories that have been developed by researchers by statistics. Statistics is one of the greatest tools we have today to help us learn about the characteristics of SIDS. Since we don†t know what it is, seeing how it works and what things we can do to help slow it down are obviously good. Throughout history, before SIDS was defined, the accepted explanation was that either the baby choked on itself or was rolled on by the parents during sleep. Possibly an accepted answer due to the lack of knowledge in the past but know we know that most of the time they were wrong. Since there is no cure for SIDS, scientists and researchers have been studying new ways of possibly preventing it from happening to infants. New nursing techniques developed over the last 30 years have actually dramatically reduced the number of infant deaths caused by SIDS. But still we must not forget the fact we still don†t know what causes SIDS itself. That is what makes this so terrible, that researchers have all these techniques to help prevent SIDS but we still don†t know what we are preventing. Death by SIDS leaves a traumatic and terrible effect left on the parents and family members. A SIDS death usually promotes intense emotional reactions among surviving family members. After the initial shock and disbelief, parents often fall into a prolonged depression usually of self-denial about if they killed their baby. This depression can affect their sleeping, eating, ability to concentrate, and general energy level. (Culbertson 190-193) Crying, weeping, incessant talking, and strong feelings of guilt or anger are all normal reactions. Many parents experience unreasonable fears that they or someone in their family is in danger. Over protection of surviving children and fears for future children is a common reaction. As the finality of the child†s death becomes a reality for the parents, recovery finally occurs. Birthdays, holidays, anniversaries often trigger painful memories of the loss (Culbertson, 186-188). Children can also be affected by the loss. Many children may develop a fear that they themselves might die. In many cases children will also feel guilty about the death feeling that possibly it was their fault. However, children may deny being upset and try to hide their emotions which is a reason why most parents have to talk with their children and assure them it is not going to happen to them. (Culbertson,190-193) One of the true bright spots about the fight against SIDS is that in the last 20 years, deaths caused by SIDS have dropped dramatically in the United States and the rest of the world. Currently the average in the world among SIDS deaths is between 0. 5-3. 0 deaths per thousand (Culbertson,11). When comparing to that when it was first studied at about an average of 15-20 deaths per thousand(Bergman,10-11), a major improvement has been seen. However, though it isn†t that high of a number, it still accounts for 20 percent of all deaths between the ages of one month and one year and 95 percent of that between 2 months and 4 months. Guntheroth,70-73). It is important to point out that most all statistics of SIDS come from developed countries, countries that have the money to perform autopsies on infants. We can only assume that in undeveloped countries, which have a very high infant mortality rate to begin with, the presence of SIDS is there and probably have a much higher rate than in developed countries because throughout the world, SIDS rates are very constant with one another wherever studies have and can be conducted. SIDS ranks only second to injuries as the greatest cause of death to children who are less than 15 years of age and it takes more lives than leukemia, heart disease, cystic fibrosis, and muscular dystrophy in that age period. ( Bergman, xi). So in conclusion to all of this, there still is very little information on what exactly causes SIDS. Unlike other diseases, which we know the cause of, SIDS is the one that we don†t have any knowledge on what the source is that causes it. One of the most important statements but disheartening is that SIDS is a â€Å"disease of theories†(Bergman, 12). Everything we know, all the information that is produced and published is all just a theory because we don†t even know what happened and what caused the death. So where do we go from here? What can be done to stop this terrible disease? Who knows. All we can do is sit back and hope someone†s â€Å"theory† is the right one and be thankful that this disease only affects 1-3 infants per thousand born. There are so many questions but not nearly enough answers and until that day we can only do what the experts tell us to do and hopefully the SIDS disease will almost become non-existent. How to cite SIDS: A Traumatic and Tragic Disease, Essay examples

Pestle Analysis- Should Caravan Club Invest in N.Ireland free essay sample

| | | |The Caravan Club | |Business Enterprise | The Caravan Club Introduction. The Caravan Club is an organisation representing caravanners in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The Caravan Club is in its 103rd year and has a strong ethos of representing its one million members and providing them with quality products and services. Whilst wanting to increase its presence in Northern Ireland, many factors must be considered will be evaluated using a PESTLE analysis tool. By implementing such a research framework; a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about particular target market, competition, and environment variables, the company will be better placed to understand the ‘meso-economic and macro-economic environments in which they operate and in this case help the company strategically plan for new development in Northern Ireland. POLITICAL Tourism in Northern Ireland has had to develop within the context of political unrest. This would be deemed one of the main reasons for a thorough analysis into a NI investment. [pic] Visitor trips (number) to Northern Ireland, nights spent (number), and revenue generated (? million), 1963, 1967, 1972, and 1988 to 2001 The political situation in Northern Ireland has improved noticeably since the days of ‘The Troubles. ’ The Good Friday Agreement signed in 1998 the governments of the North and South of Ireland has taken a more formally pro-active role in facilitating greater co-operation between their tourism boards. Cross-border co-operation is now seen as part of a wider government Strategy in Britain and Ireland to support the peace process and a political settlement. Political will and clear government policy has, in the last number of years, helped to facilitate greater co-operation and give strong and unambiguous direction to the boards. Under this situation any overriding concerns about co-operation have been set aside as partnership is now priority government policy. There is clear government commitment to cooperation and this has filtered down to the tourist boards and individuals within the organisations. (Greer 2002: 362) There will be the threat of potential dissident republican violence, but despite the possibility of isolated violence, to avoid N. I would be like avoiding L. A because there might be an earthquake. The Northern Ireland Executive and DETI have attached a priority to the Tourism sector. This reflects the fact that there is considerable scope to boost the contribution tourism makes to the overall economy. For example, although the revenue generated by the tourism sector has almost doubled since the mid-1990s, its overall contribution to the economy (1. 9%) remains much less than elsewhere in the UK (3. 2%). (DETI, 2008-2011) Established in 1948, the NITB is one of the four agencies within, and responsible to, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment (DETI) – the other three agencies are: Invest Northern Ireland; General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland and the Health Safety Executive for Northern Ireland. Arlene Foster (DUP) I believe that tourism is the business not just of the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, Tourism Ireland and the Department but of everybody in the private sector as well. I very much hope that the capital investment that has been put into the signature projects over the past three years will now bear fruit for us, not least across signature projects such as the Titanic Quarter project, which is making great progress, as I am sure many Members have seen as they drive past it. We also see the way that the UK City of Culture, Londonderry, has been developing over the past years. However, the Member is right: if there were more capital funds, I would certainly take them. Unfortunately, with the Budget as it is, I have to make do with what I have been given. I feel that we have been fortunate in so far as we have put a lot of capital investment into the tourism product over the past three to four years. We now need to get down to selling what we have and making sure that everyone is aware of Northern Ireland as a place to visit. (Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011) The Forestry Bill which came in to operation on 13 September 2010 replaces out-dated forestry law with new legislation, which will support a wider role for forestry in modern society and allow the Department to obtain better value from the forest estate. The forestry bill allows for; The Department may enter into arrangements with any other person for the use or development of forestry land for any such purpose. Castlewellan Forest Park, Drum Manor Forest Park, Glena riff Forest Park ,Gortin Glen Forest Park, Gosford Forest Park, Tollymore Forest Park. All these forest parks have Caravan sites, currently run by Forest service NI. Giving them ‘The Caravan Club’ brand would open up the sites to the million club members. The Club currently has market share and a standard of excellence, developing the product (Forest Park Sites) in a strategic alliance with NITB DARD, would not only benefit Tourism NI but is a huge market for ‘The Caravan Club’ to tap into. I am confident that this multi-faceted Bill will effectively support a modern and forward-looking forestry strategy. It will give powers to deliver a wide and integrated spectrum of benefits- social and recreational, environmental and of course economic. ( Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA, 2010) Describing the content of the Bill, the Minister added: The Forestry Bill will retain powers to deal with day to day forestry matters and to protect trees from damage by wild animals or from fire risk from vegetation on adjoining land. There will still be powers to make bye-laws to ensure the safe and responsible enjoyment of the public forest estate. The forestry Bill is just a part of Tourism Strategies for NI, over the past ten years; Northern Ireland has fought hard for its share of the growing travel and tourism market and has done remarkably well, and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. The Caravan Club also extends their brand as a franchise development, in the form of a Certified Location, which is a 5-van site for the exclusive use of Caravan Club members. They are covered by a special Act of Parliament and need no site licence or formal planning permission. They can be on a farm or smallholding, at a pub or golf course, even on land attached to your house. If you think bigger; Affiliated Sites are a core part of The Caravan Club network, and benefit from close association with The Club. Affiliated sites remain independently owned or managed, and retain responsibility for bookings and pricing. Affiliated Sites have direct access to The Club, via the Regional Manager, who will be only too pleased to help and advise on operating and developing the site. Affiliated Sites are also featured on the website, in the Sites Directory and Handbook and in the Site Collection brochures. In return, Affiliated Sites pay an annual fee, negotiated as part of a two year agreement based on location, facilities and size. If your business is, or will be, certified by the Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) as a provider of tourist accommodation, or if your business has commercial revenue streams from the supply of a priority tourism product or service, Invest NI is able to offer support as part of DETI. Invest NI supporting you we will adopt a twin track approach with advice and support for strategic and process improvement (Capability) and financial support for product development (Capital). Mr Murphy, who is an adviser to the Tax Justice Network and the TUC on taxation and economic issues, said he believed it was extremely unlikely corporation tax would be devolved to Northern Ireland due to European Union rules He added that if there was a different tax rate in NI it would put a barrier to trade between Northern Ireland and Great Britain DEPARTMENT CONSIDERATION; MOTORHOME TOURISM. Representatives of the sector have been in contact with NITB and the department both directly and through elected representatives. Concerns are understood to be: (i) Access to vehicle parking; and ii) The provision of services specifically for motor home tourists known as ‘aires de service’. The provision of motor home facilities in Northern Ireland is governed by the Caravan Act (1963), all facilities for touring caravans or motor homes must conform with the requirements of the act. Councils have a key role to play in the resolution of these concerns relating to the provision o f parking (and services) in Council-run tourism amenity car parks. NITB and DETI Officials have met with motor home lobbyists on a number of occasions to obtain an understanding of the issues faced by motor home tourists and what might be done to address these. In September 2008 NITB facilitated a seminar for representatives of the motor home sector and local Councils. This was a positive step as motor home lobbyists had previously found Councils to be relatively unforthcoming regarding motor home parking and service provision in their respective areas. In May 2009 NITB facilitated a further follow up seminar for Councils at which a representative from the UK Caravan Club presented to Councils regarding key lessons in respect of motor home parking and service provision. NITB and DETI Officials met again with one of the representatives on Thursday 28th May 2009, when she reiterated her concerns regarding: Car parking facilities for motor home users; and the provision of services to motor home users in Northern Ireland. In correspondence in June 2009 with an elected representative on behalf of the Northern Ireland Motor Home Association, Minister Foster has asked Robert Cully, Director of Business Development at the Northern Ireland Tourist Board to arrange a meeting to discuss motorhomes. Part of the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment, Invest NI offers the Northern Ireland business community a single organization providing high quality services, programmes, support and expert advice. Its business advisors are located in Enterprise Agencies in each district council area of Northern Ireland. Invest NI is committed to helping tourism enterprises boost the contribution of tourism to the economy in ways that enhance the visitor experience and nurture a culture of quality, government agencies must work hand in hand to complete the Tourism strategy and attract investment to NI. pic] ECONOMIC When the UK economy first entered a recession in mid-2008, this had a damaging impact across each of the UK regions and on all sectors of the economy. Unemployment rose, the previously buoyant property market crashed and consumer confidence reached an all-time low. The impacts of the downturn are still being felt today and are forecast to continue as the Coalition Government implements curbs on public spending as part of its plan to manage one of the largest UK budget deficits in history. The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009, this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) By 2012 it is estimated that around ? 300m will have been invested in tourism over the preceding five years on major projects including the likes of the Titanic Signature Building, Giant’s Causeway Visitor Experience, Ulster Museum and the Ulster Hall. NITB chief executive Alan Clarke says its research shows that for every pound the agency spent on promotion it got ? 14 back into the Northern Ireland economy. Tourism offers incomparable potential to generate growth and create jobs across Northern Ireland. As a labour intensive industry it brings employment to all regions, new facilities to our towns and cities, creates opportunities in rural areas and is a source of pride for the people of Northern Ireland. To help the tourism industry achieve our goals those in the business need to collectively position challenges and priorities. The Draft Tourism Strategy for NI to 2020 was published for public consultation in February 2010. In view of the significance of tourism to the local economy, the Minister invited all stakeholders to consider the consultation and contribute to the development of NI’s future tourism policy. The consultation period ended on 20 May 2010. The growth in targets would be achieved by: †¢ Increasing visitors from 3. 2million to 4. 5million by 2020 †¢ Increasing earnings from tourism by ? 520million to ? 1billion by 2020 †¢ Progressively accelerating spend by visitors †¢ Targeting specific markets and market segments †¢ Supporting indigenous high quality businesses to grow Being visitor inspired in all our actions The strategy was accompanied by a detailed action plan that included timescales for achievement. (NITB, 2010) There has been strong potential for growth in the Northern Ireland economy. The economy benefited from the Northern Ireland peace process, although rapid growth was evident even in the decade before the Good Friday Agreement. Northern Irel and retains a number of strengths: †¢ a relatively young population and a high quality education and training system by UK standards; †¢ Competitive labour costs , below the UK average; An increasingly flexible and responsive skills system; †¢ A successful track record in attracting inward investment though Invest NI; †¢ 100 per cent broadband coverage; †¢ Good transport links internally and with Ireland and the rest of the UK; †¢ A relatively low crime rate for most crimes compared to the UK average; and †¢ Strong tourism potential and an attractive natural environment. (Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy) Rebalancing the economy, with greater emphasis on private sector growth, is a long term objective for the next 25 years. Important things to know about the Caravan industry NI The caravan sector is a significant and important part of the tourism industry- the 4th fastest growth area in the UK economy. Over 90,000 people in the UK work in the caravan industry which encompasses a diverse range of career business opportunities including caravan parks, manufacturers and dealerships. The caravan sector makes a significant contribution to the 5. 6% of the Northern Ireland workforce working in tourism. The caravan holiday parks in Northern Ireland accounted for over ? 3. 65 million GVA in 2008. 3% of the sector work full time; 14% part time; 14% are self-employed. Holiday habits have changed to accommodate the increased amount of free leisure time and demographic trends in the population which favours the caravan industry. There are approximately 15,000 static Caravan/holiday home pitches and 3,000 touring pitches (including 1,000 for tents) in Northern Ireland. The NITB Tourism Barometer for June 2010 indi cates that the majority (55%) of caravan and camping establishments are experiencing growth in the volume of bed nights overall, primarily driven by the domestic market. The Sector Skills Council for the Active Leisure, Learning and Well Being sector invited caravan park owners from across Northern Ireland to discuss their training and development needs with a number of key stakeholders, such as, Awarding bodies, Training providers, NITB, Department for Employment Learning, Caravan Industry Training (CITO). As facilitators of this meeting, SkillsActive aim to increase the understanding of the Northern Ireland caravan industry from both an employer context and from the wider strategic context. The main meeting aims will be: †¢ Increase our understanding of the NI Caravan Sector from an economic, employer and skills context. †¢ Provide an overview of the current training skills landscape including potential funding opportunities for developing the workforce skills of the caravan industry. †¢ Begin to explore how providers and caravan park owners can work together to improve access to affordable and appropriate training. Corporation Tax Debate: The main rate of UK corporation tax is 28%, double that in the Irish Republic. The latest draft Treasury paper has said such a move would, on its own, be likely to have a positive effect on local private sector investment. It added that it could play a significant role in helping rebalance the NI economy. Secretary of State, Owen Paterson said he had listened to many businesses in NI. They are absolutely convinced it would help them, he said. â€Å"It wouldnt just bring in new investment; it would really radically help some of the very high class businesses weve already got. A think tank set up to advise the executive research showed that while a cut in corporation tax could boost employment the precise benefits of a reduction remained unclear. NI has less than a third of the high quality foreign investment south of the border. Due to EU rules mean the tax cut would mean a significant reduction in the budget given to the Stormont Executive. PwCs investigation into the impact of Corporation Tax on FDI was prompted by a commitment from the UK coalition government to offer the NI Executive powers to rebalance the economy. Its report Corporation Tax Game Changer, or Game Over? says that overseas investors already in the UK, rank corporation tax as 17th in a list of investment drivers, that prioritise, in order: language, culture and values; infrastructure; skills; and proximity to markets. PwCs chief economist in Northern Ireland, Dr Esmond Birnie, said that in terms of its attractiveness to foreign investment, Northern Ireland already performed relatively well in terms of employment creation. In 2009, with around 3% of the UK population, Northern Ireland secured 10. % of all the new FDI (foreign direct investment) jobs that came into the UK, he said. The grants that Invest NI can hand out are being significantly cut, so the question is whats the alternative? There are no statistics for the number of motor homes brought to Northern Ireland (or the Republic of Ireland) by tourists. It is therefore not possible to make an assessment of the economic contribution of this sector. However, the statistics w hich are available illustrate that this is a growing sector with, for example, a 68% increase in motor home registrations in the UK during the period 2002 to 2008. Product Partnerships (November 2010) Partnerships or strategic alliances play a key role in helping to boost revenue across a number of sectors. The tourism sector in particular lends itself well to partnerships and brings with it advantages and economies of scale for promotion and providing an enhanced visitor experience. Both large and small operators can often get lost in the myriad of promotional avenues and channels. Partnerships create greater visibility than what can be achieved by operators acting alone. This publication provides insight into partnerships and intends to inform the reader about the purpose of partnerships in the tourism sector, examples of successful partnerships, and best practice for how tourism operators can create and sustain partnerships. It aims to incite tourism professionals to work collaboratively to raise the quality of the visitor experience and understand their role in the visitor journey as well as build networks to enable them to grow and cluster more products in partnership [pic] NI to NI †¢ The growth we saw in 2009 has continued in the first half of this year, although to a lesser extent. Trips grew by one fifth, and there was over 100,000 additional home visitors compared with last year. †¢ So far they have spent ? 89m which is ? 2m more than in 2009. †¢ The trend for shorter 1-3 night breaks at home continued, increasing by over 50% compared with Jan-June 2009. †¢ Longer (4+ night) holidays declined (-12%). Rest of report highlig hted below: Domestic performance was strong up to July 2010, however the declines evident for trips taken in August 2010 continued into September, although they were less significant. This follows strong growth in August and September 2009 compared with the same months in 2008. Social Staycation is a relatively new word combining the words stay and vacation to describe the trend of holidaying or vacationing at home and locally due to the tough economic climate. Over two thirds of people asked said they will choose to holiday in the UK instead which is great news for the UK holiday industry. Decisions were influenced by poor exchange rates, impact of increasing Air Passenger Duty, environmental concerns and positive UK weather predictions. These findings are supported the strong rise in self catering bookings, and There is renewed optimism that 2011 will be an even better year for caravans than 2010 was. In the current economic climate, the rise of the staycation grew to prominence as more and more families and friends swapped the holiday abroad for a break on the British coast or amongst the verdant countryside. This saw the caravan industry enjoy a renaissance of sorts and, ahead of the annual Caravan Extravaganza (National Caravan Council) – thought to be one of the biggest exhibitions of its kind – optimism amongst organisers is igh. David Ritchie, one of the organisers of the event said: It has been a much better year than last year when a number of companies went into administration. Most have come out again and the outlook is a lot better. But of course theres a lot of nervousness. With more travel companies going bust more people seem to want to have holidays in the UK so thats good for the carava n industry. With caravan dealers and caravan park owners arriving from all over the UK, and Europe, it is thought there will be plenty of business conducted during the event. This might lead to an increase in requests for caravan insurance. Last year, the Yorkshire Post report that 24,000 people attended and it is estimated that ? 100million worth of business will be conducted in the first five days.. Businesses are able to use positive action to target their goods, facilities or services to a particular group that is either disadvantaged or currently under-represented in their consumer base, or that has particular needs. Businesses should research their potential consumer base to work out which, if any, groups are under-represented, as they may wish to target these groups. Do not just assume that a particular group is under-represented. Market trends Figures released by the NCC showed that a total of 7,362 touring caravans were produced between September and November last year, which represented a 14. 1% increase over the total in those months during 2009. This brought the moving-annual-total (m-a-t), at the end of November 2010, to 26,005 tourers, 28. 5% above the figure at the same point twelve months previously. Invoiced sales, from the factory gate, between September and November 2010 totalled 7,049 tourers, 12. % higher than for the same months in 2009. This left the m-a-t of invoiced sales at 25,420 tourers, 23. 7% above the total twelve months previously. Retail sales between September and November 2010 totalled 8,620 tourers, 2. 6% higher than during those three months in 2009. At the present time, a moving-annual-total is not available as the dataset is still building Community spiritSociety is currently being slandered as dangerous, selfish a nd, essentially, falling apart. Caravanning, on the other hand, restrains and embraces it’s traditional vibe of community spirit. There are local clubs that act under the umbrella of the Caravan Club, and these hold rallies where members meet, sometimes for themed rallies and sometimes just for the sake of being somewhere different for the weekend. ? There are 70 Centres (Local groups) throughout England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales and they are the core of The Caravan Club community. If you are keen to pursue your interest and to spend time with likeminded caravanners your Centre has lots on offer. ? The majority of Centre activities, and the most popular, are rallies. A rally is a gathering of Club members meeting in a friendly and social atmosphere. Although it has in the past had a bad name Jeremy Clarkson has a known hatred for caravans, and holiday makers dislike getting stuck behind caravan-car convoys – recent technological advancements and an increasing desire amongst the public to see the world at their own leisure has meant that caravanning is quickly becoming a popular way to travel. Many caravanning enthusiasts love the chances they get to meet new people, to see new places, and to feel part of a big extended family of fellow caravan fans. The truth is if own a caravan and stop to spend the night at a caravan park, chances are you will get to talking with other holiday-makers and you will quickly form bonds and lasting friendships. Technological The Caravan Clubs aim or brand may not have changed in these years but the ways in which people communicate and gather information have changed dramatically due to computer technology advancement. Facebook An innovative way for brands to work with web communities is to use them as an online focus group whose views and opinions go on to shape product development. Social networking sites bring together like-minded people who can be your advocates. Build a Presence. Connect with your audience, share your story and participate in real-time conversations quickly and easily on Facebook. Be personal not promotional. Social media networks like Facebook, Twitter, Yelp, LinkedIn, and company blogs all show up in analytic programs such as Bit. ly and Google Analytics as referring links. Check out and benchmark before starting a campaign and watch the referring link traffic quality grow. Involving your users and keeping the site interesting and inviting. It will give you a major boost as knowledge grows and builds your online community. Members can keep in touch at all times. Promoting various Club sites to one another. Giving advice and getting advice, so there is added value. You get knowledge and on-going information in what people want to know or want help with. Identifying customer’s thoughts feelings and concerns. Twitter – lets users create formal friendships which collectively establish numerous and interconnected network of users. In addition Twitter works well with mobile phones and other SMS clients, making it easy to tweet virtually anywhere. Tweets can be used as a form of real time research. An account with Twitter would help drive members and non-members through to Caravan Club website. Not only does Twitter give you a chance to monitor, but it also gives you a chance to provide instant customer service. This is where The Caravan Club are letting rival companies, take market share as ‘Tomorrow will soon be code for too late’. The website hosts over four million visitors per annum and has 200,000 registered users. Caravan Club members made more than 300,000 online bookings during 2007 and over seven million Site searches. 0,000 members have used The Club’s Online Trader and it is one of the largest online trading services for caravans and motor caravans in the UK. Information and communication systems embedded in a global net have profound influence on the travel and tourism industry. (JITT) To respond to members increasing requirement for internet access when away from home, The Caravan Club is almo st doubling the number of sites offering Wi-Fi coverage, while at the same time upgrading the service at existing ones. The great joy of caravanning is the chance to travel that it brings. With caravan sites all across Europe, these days the possibilities for caravan holidays have greatly broadened. Satellite television, microwave ovens and all the other technological advances have made caravanning even more appealing, to the extent that it’s common to see long queues of caravans on the roads almost every weekend. Caravanning allows for spontaneity. If you don’t like a site or an area you can simply drive on and find somewhere else. If the weather’s bad there’s somewhere to stay out of the rain-or you can simply turn around and go home. Caravanning has changed the way we view holidays. It’s become an industry worth ? 1 billion each year, which says a great deal about its importance, and its growth. Legal . OFMDFM has implemented the following policies and procedures with regard to Employment and Management of Staff: †¢ Registration all private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. †¢ Gender Equality the Belfast Agreement has a vision of a â€Å"peaceful, cohesive, inclusive prosper ous and fair society, firmly founded on the achievement of reconciliation, tolerance and mutual trust, and the protection and vindication of the human rights of all. This is based on â€Å"partnership, equality and mutual respect as the basis of relationships. † †¢ Racial Equality and Good Relations NI Vision ‘A society in which racial diversity is supported, understood, valued and respected, where racism in any of its forms is not tolerated and where we can all live together as a society and enjoy equality of opportunity and equal protection. The aim of this Unit is to promote racial equality in Northern Ireland. It has central responsibility for policy relating to people from minority ethnic backgrounds. Sex Discrimination and Equal Pay the anti-discrimination branch has responsibility for providing and updating legislation which tackles unfair discrimination on the basis of a person’s gender. The Caravan Club must adhere to all NI regulations, as some may differ the rest of the UK. All private sector employers with more than 10 full-time employees (working more than 16 hours per week) are required to register with the Equality Commission. Specified public sector employers are automatically deemed to be registered. The Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998 (FETO) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone on the ground of religious belief or political opinion. This includes a person’s supposed religious belief or political opinion and the absence of any, or any particular, religious belief or political opinion. Disability Action is the only Northern Ireland-wide, pan-disability organisation working with people with various disabilities; physical, mental, sensory and hidden. This work is important, as one in five people in Northern Ireland has a disability. Disability Action aims to ensure that people with disabilities attain their full rights as citizens. It offers a range of services to businesses including Access Auditing, Disability Diversity Training, Communications Auditing and Policy Advice. These services are available throughout Northern Ireland. Pertinent information is the lifeblood of businesses. Regulations such as health and safety , licenses and contacts specific to tourism; nibusinessinfo. co. k provides an immediate, accurate and free source of up to the minute information covering all major areas of business and commercial activity. The site allows businesses to keep actively informed about all current changes and updates within their sector. Environmental. The Caravan club is the market leader of its type, with 56% market share. It has a very strong etho’s and standards of excellance for its 1 million members. The Caravan Clubs Sites network contains a huge and valuable wildlife resource by providing habitats for diverse species of flora and fauna some of which are endangered. The Caravan Club take our stewardship of this land and its residents very seriously and in 2002 embarked on a programme of wildlife audits on Club Sites using professional ecologists (JUST ECOLOGY) an initiative which has been welcomed by staff and members alike as it ties in with their own interests and concerns about the natural world. The Caravan Club has developed alliances with a number of organisations we believe have shared interests. We work with these groups on a wide range of initiatives for mutual benefit, as well as to ensure we offer members a choice of enjoyable holiday activities, these groups include- The National Cycle Network which offers 12,600 miles of signed cycle routes throughout the UK. †¢ RSPB; The Club is the Species Champion of the Song Thrush, and sponsors the RSPB’s protection of the bird. †¢ The National Trust †¢ The Heritage Center. †¢ The Woodland Trust. We also work with closely with UK tourism bodies (including VisitBritai n, VisitEngland, VisitScotland, VisitWales and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board) to promote domestic tourism. The Caravan Club is an active member of he Tourism Alliance, the Scottish Tourism Forum and the Wales Tourism Alliance. Gaining Investor in People status, increases the productivity of ‘The Caravan Club’ by improving the way in which organisations manage and develop their people, leading to business improvement and better public services. All stakeholders would benefit from an Investor in people Award. o Use Investors in People to improve the core area of the business that affects everything the company does, namely its employees. (Reduce turnover of Seasonal f/t staff. ) (Case study Pontins) Encourage more volunteers. o Forest service NI Have already gained Investor in People status, as do all government agencies that the club would be affiliated with in NI. Truly motivated staff can make all the difference to a business. [pic] [pic] Evaluation Creating qual ity visitor experience in NI depends on the actions of many government departments as well as individual businesses such as The Caravan Club. The potential to grow must strike a balance between development and conservation; sustainability must be a guiding concept. The rural development strategy realises the need for diversification both in farming and forestry. As the forest service actively develops activity tourism establishing a commercial partnership with the club and its many members can only lead to the high quality provision of tourism facilities throughout Ulster. Santander Bizguides are designed to help you start-up and grow your business, in their BIZguides section they note that the caravan sector has been on a steady rise since 2000 and are giving helpful information on how to start a Caravan park. Industry trends have been on the rise and things just seem to be getting more fashionable for example –Glamping. If we continue to encourage the development of mutually supportive activities, commercial; such as Arts/heritage visits, food, and transport, developmental; such as simple information distribution to the development of cultural sector venues within tourist servicing establishments, and also non-commercial. This will facilitate the development of awareness and understanding between the cultural and tourism trade, to provide a shared context for cultural tourism development. Culture and heritage is something that NI has an abundance of, to encourage networking and the building of relationships with the community and private sectors is the way forward for The Caravan Club and any strategic alliances it makes in NI. The development of ‘niche’ accommodation products, glamping pods, yurts are all on market trend, to do this in association with The Caravan Club, with their standards of excellence can only be a good investment, both for Dard and Franchisees. Providing a seamless link via the new website and ‘mobi’ platform, between Club sites, service providers and the cultural sector will bring an influx of members to Ulster. The linkage with accommodation sector (Caravan Club) is a fantastic start point for marketing, leading to new community enterprise opportunities. The Northern Ireland Tourist Board has launched its 2011/2012 Events Funding Programme, which is designed to support home-grown and international events between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012. Northern Ireland has enjoyed 10 years of growth in tourism and is now seen as an industry that can make a significant contribution to the economy of the country. According to the NI Tourism strategy supporting evidence, what makes NI special is the quality of the experience and any development must be sensitive to this. Overall, it is in conclusion that there are many underdeveloped source markets, such as poor utilisation of accommodation stock. Camping and Caravan parks had often been overlooked when considering accommodation supply. DARD recognises the need for diversification with farms into the tourism and hospitality, the CC can also offer assistance with this with small franchise agreements. The Caravan Club and DCAL have created a strategic alliance to run forest park NI caravan sites to their exemplary standards. The Forestry Bill came into operation on 13th September 2010 which from the supports a wider role for forestry in modern society allowing the Department to obtain better value from the forest estates. According to NITB research, during 2009, 236,300 visitors took part in an activity or outdoor adventure, Caravan Club members support for other aspects of the rural tourism offering is significant. Issues and research findings. Using EPISTLE and SWOT analysis the following points have been found as the main issues: †¢ The 2012 Olympic Games in London will increase the number of tourists wanting to stay in the British Isles. †¢ The Olympics will not boost N. I economy and the benefits of the 2012 London Games have been â€Å"exaggerated†, according to the Sports Minister. The Caravan Club needs to update their online technology to keep up to date with today and future key communication trends. Absences of this are enabling main competitors using this to their advantage. †¢ The Caravan Club had a 15 year steady rise in growth to its record high in 2009; this pre dates and includes the recession. (Tourism Insights) †¢ In 2008, the Northern Ireland Passenger Su rvey (NIPS) indicated that, of the ? 540 million spent by overseas and domestic tourists, 33% of this was spent on food and drink, equalling ? 178. 2 million. This was the largest spend category – (even beating accommodation! ) – revealing the importance of food and drink to the visitor. †¢ Tourism in Northern Ireland (NI) is worth an estimated ? 889m, or some 3. 7% of the Gross Value Added of NI. Going forward, tourism, and its supporting industries, is projected to be the key driver for economic growth contributing significantly to both job and wealth creation. (Tourism insights) †¢ Most want to read independent reviews, from other travellers or peer-reviews when considering a new destination. Online blogs and consumer reports are the new ‘word of mouth’. SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ Almost 4 out of every 5 UK short breaks are booked direct. Do-it-yourself online planning and booking is now the accepted norm with the use of travel agents in sharp decline. ( SHORT BREAKS INSIGHT SEPTEMBER 2009) †¢ GB is NI’s second biggest source of visitors; just behind the domestic market. However, it generates the largest amount (40%) of NI‘s total tourism revenue. †¢ The ‘search for the authentic’ is a top trend and people are more attracted to a unique experience within a destination rather than just the destination itself. 2008 and 2009 saw big shifts in travel patterns, with fewer business travellers and more holidays at home. (detini. gov) Bibliography Quote; Michelle Gildernew MLA. (2010). Forest Service Press Releases 2010 Assembly agrees Consideration Stage of the Forestry Bill. Retrieved 2011, from www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice: /www. dardni. gov. uk/forestservice .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter . CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. DETI. (2008-2011). Tourism Policy. Retrieved 2011, from DETI: http://www. detini. gov. uk/deti-tourism-index. htm finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm NITB. (2010). Draft Tourism Strategy for Northern Ireland to 2020. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts . nitb. Northern Ireland Assembly debates, 17 January 2011. (n. d. ). Retrieved 2011, from They work for you; Parlamentry Debates NI assembly: http://www. theyworkforyou. com/ni/? id=2011-01-17. 6. 2 (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. Rebalancing the Northern Ireland Economy. (n. d. ). Retrieved from HM TREASURY: http://www. hm-treasury. gov. uk/d/rebalancing_the_northern_ireland_economy_consultation. pdf Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) (2009 and 2010). United Kingdom Tourism Survey . Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer) LEGAL Draft Planning Policy Statement 16 New Planning Policy to Assist Tourist Key planning policies to assist businesses and tourism development across Northern Ireland have been launched. Draft PPS 16 has been launched in response to the challenges of future tourism growth, by providing up-to-date planning policy for tourism development in both urban and rural locations throughout Northern Ireland. The policy also aims to safeguard the natural and built environment from harmful developments that may be detrimental to the tourism industry In summary, draft PPS 16 proposes: †¢ The removal of the tourist needs test, which is applied to tourist accommodation applications in the countryside; †¢ Sets out the circumstances in which hotels, self-catering units and holiday parks are permitted in the countryside; †¢ Provides for minor extensions to existing static holiday or caravan parks in the countryside and for new small-scale touring sites Draft PPS 16 provides for tourist amenities in the countryside that are not suited to an urban or village location, such as angling centres †¢ Includes design criteria that will be used to assess all applications for tourism development to ensure sustainable, safe and high quality tourism schemes Bibliography (2010). northern ireland tourism strategy, supporting evidence. belfast. .businesslink. gov. uk/. (2011). Retrieved from . businesslink. gov. uk/. finance. (2011). Retrieved from bized: http://www. bized. co. uk/educators/level2/finance/activity/sources11. htm Alistair Craven. (n. d. ). Emerald Management First. A sense of urgency; Interview with John Kotter. cultural tourism. (2010). developing belfasts opportunity. belfast. nitb. (2009). knowing the visitor. tourism facts. nitb. nitb -Insight Series. (2010). Events -Gaining sponsorship/maximising partners. Belfast: NITB. Secretary, u. d. (2011, march 04). (l. gorman, Interviewer) CAIN. (updated 2011). Retrieved from CAIN: http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ni/tourism. htm Washko, T. (n. d. ). Business know- how: Definitions of marketing. Retrieved 2010, from Business Know-how. com. williams, n. (2011, march 04). chairman ulster division. (l. gorman, Interviewer)

Improving decision making

The method that chosen and used for collecting and analysing data meant to give form to the human thinking and process of solving problems. The effectiveness in detecting the problems and making decisions over them depends on statistically collected. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The decision-making procedure involves â€Å"detecting problems, defining priorities, identifying innovative solutions, and allocating resources for improved health outcomes.† (Cibulskis Hiawalyer, 2002) These are fundamental realities that have been ignored or little efforts have been placed to enhance them for greater information outcome. The timeliness, accurateness and relevance of information are crucial for decision makers. This paper focuses on collection of public health data that is required for making managerial decisions at personal, provisional, regional, n ational and international levels. Some of the vital statistical information required to improve decision-making include the census reports, reports filed after some vital events, health surveillance reports, data from resources tracking procedures, statistics of facilities and other household surveys. The power of information for strategic change is evident on some historical examples of statistical data collection and analysis that used in the past for better decision-making procedures. Such examples include â€Å"The United Nations’ Standard System of National Accounts† which was discovered years ago by Richard Stone and it helps to define and shape the nation over various views, opportunities on offer and supporting disclosures. The other renowned example is the â€Å"Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALY’s)†, which is globally used to shape precedence for investments. (Cibulskis Hiawalyer, 2002) Data is a straightforward gauge for characteristics but it has very little or no inherent value or meaning if it is not analyzed, processed or interpreted to allow for generation of patters that create information. Information is what enables one to make improved decisions such as generation of recommendations, creation of rules for actions and change behaviors to support knowledge. Type of statistical information collected in the health sector The time, accuracy and the relevance of the information are the requirements for good decisions over services, policies/procedures and behaviours. In the health sector the type of statistical information collected for strategic planning include, â€Å"clinical diagnosis and management of illness or injury, quality assurance and quality improvement for health services, detection and control of emerging and endemic disease.† Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Others may entail â€Å"human resource management, procurement and management of health commodities (including drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics), regulation of toxic exposures, program evaluation, research and other types of policies or programs.† (Walsh and Simonet 1995) This is information that can be very useful for the citizens to make viable claims, choose better health facilities consequently to behaviors and demand the required services and policies that safeguard them. In the health sector, some of this statistical information is very important for making wise decisions regarding transactional needs. For instance detection and control mechanisms to be installed at the boarder points to control consequences that may be brought about by wide spreading epidemics or infections such as the recent â€Å"H1N1† flu that has his various countries all over the world or the â€Å"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)†. The health sector lacks these urgently required responsive and apparent t racking systems and therefore there is need for performance measures to allow various countries to define priorities. This is an ever-increasing burden forcing the need for provision of evidence as a basis for decision making which leads to more risks. Countries ought to be empowered into measuring key indicators and producing unique evident strategic plans for better information and better health. (Perrin, Kalsbeek, and Scanlan 2004) Advantages of accurate interpretation of data to improve decision making With an organized process and procedure of interpreting medical data, it is possible to assemble and communicate the required information in an understandable and timely manner. A standardized system of collecting, analysing and availing heath recorded data enhances the economies of scale over training, managing software, processes and hardware that is involved. Considering regular health information as a cumulative high-quality need due to its required spread, produces cumulati ve augments in the assessment of public goods, thus strengthening credibility and importance of Information interpretation and exchange. The reliability and compatibility of information is furthermore improved through standardizing local as well as multinational systems. (Cibulskis and Hiawalye, 2002) Conclusion Today there is no single data collection mechanism, considered as the most adequate over the needs for decision-making procedures. Globally, especially in the health sector, the required technology should be in position of integrating information to produce the necessary indicators or track development towards common goals. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Improving decision making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This may call for pre-defined methods for management and distribution of information and definition of iterative systems for collecting core data such as â€Å"census, surveys, services statis tics, resources and monitoring of vital events.† (AbonZahr and Boerma 2005) According to The World Health Organization (WHO) as reported by Murry etal, (2003) the key statistical information or data that ought to be collected for improved decision making procedures include census reports, family units inspection reports, community physical condition surveillance reports, reports written after monitoring of important events, statistics involving the health departments and resource follow-up reports. Reference AbonZahr, C., and Boerma, T. (2005) â€Å"Health Information Systems: The Foundations of Public Health.† Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83 (8): 578–83. Cibulskis, R. E., and Hiawalyer, G. (2002) â€Å"Information Systems for Health Sector Monitoring in Papua New Guinea.† Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80 (9): 752–58. Murray, C. et al. (2003). â€Å"Validity of Reported Vaccination Coverage in 45 Countries.† Lancet 36 2 (9389): 1022–27. Perrin, E. B., Kalsbeek, W.D. and Scanlan, T. M. (2004) Toward a Health Statistics System for the 21st Century. Summary of a workshop, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council and Committee on National Statistics, National Academy of Sciences. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Walsh, J. A., and Simonet, M. (1995) â€Å"Data and Data Needs for Health Sector Reform. â€Å"Health Policy 32 (1–3): 295–306.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Improving decision making was written and submitted by user Lylah Osborne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay The Reader as Critic: Writing a Reader-Response Essay Reading, for many, is a visceral response to words on a page. When viewing from the critical lens of reader-response theory, meaning is extracted through reading. Literature becomes a transaction between the reader and the text. The readers personal experience is used to evaluate the meaning of the work. Connection with the text differs the reader-response approach from other literary studies. Reader-response criticism requires the reader to discover the meaning of the text by considering their emotional response and personal experience while reading. This literary theory renders each text or novel open to multiple interpretations. The Textual Interpretation Here’s how to outline a literary analysis essay: Intro: The Hook Your thesis statement is the heart that beats life into the essay. Make it count. Incorporate the name of the author and the title of the text in your beginning paragraph. Body: Textual Evidence Textual evidence involves quoting phrases from the chosen text to justify your arguments. Since it is a form of evidence, citing should be followed with a page number at the end of the quoted phrase or statement. For example, if you are doing a critical reading of Haruki Murakamis Hear the Wind Sing, you might write: Murakami writes, At which point I had discovered that I had turned into a person incapable of expressing more than half of what he felt (72). As you read through the assigned text, there will be phrases or sentences that stir up responses in you. Have a pen and paper handy to record every response. Here are some questions to help you approach the short story or novel and present a paper supporting your thesis. How does the book affect you? Every form of literature is written with a reader or listener in mind. Ideally, it employs a tone capable of evoking emotions that may remind you of your past or propels you to the future. Does the text support your worldview? Cite a quotation in your essay to support your stance. Are any of your opinions strengthened or challenged? Write in detail (with quoted passages from the book to illustrate your point) why it moved you or failed to win you over. Does it tackle significant social issues? Give concrete examples from the book. Reflect upon how it portrays or addresses issues in society. Conclusion Go back to your thesis statement and summarize your critical analysis in one paragraph. You can also include your overall impression of the text and if you believe others will benefit from reading it. Remember that although this type of essay is centred on you as the reader, you are still writing a critical paper. Avoid using phrases like â€Å"in my opinion† and â€Å"I think.† Focus on the overall value of the work and back it up with textual evidence. The schedule of any student can get crowded and overwhelming. Get writing help from our professional team of experienced writers at .

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay

The Reader as Critic Writing a Reader-Response Essay The Reader as Critic: Writing a Reader-Response Essay Reading, for many, is a visceral response to words on a page. When viewing from the critical lens of reader-response theory, meaning is extracted through reading. Literature becomes a transaction between the reader and the text. The readers personal experience is used to evaluate the meaning of the work. Connection with the text differs the reader-response approach from other literary studies. Reader-response criticism requires the reader to discover the meaning of the text by considering their emotional response and personal experience while reading. This literary theory renders each text or novel open to multiple interpretations. The Textual Interpretation Here’s how to outline a literary analysis essay: Intro: The Hook Your thesis statement is the heart that beats life into the essay. Make it count. Incorporate the name of the author and the title of the text in your beginning paragraph. Body: Textual Evidence Textual evidence involves quoting phrases from the chosen text to justify your arguments. Since it is a form of evidence, citing should be followed with a page number at the end of the quoted phrase or statement. For example, if you are doing a critical reading of Haruki Murakamis Hear the Wind Sing, you might write: Murakami writes, At which point I had discovered that I had turned into a person incapable of expressing more than half of what he felt (72). As you read through the assigned text, there will be phrases or sentences that stir up responses in you. Have a pen and paper handy to record every response. Here are some questions to help you approach the short story or novel and present a paper supporting your thesis. How does the book affect you? Every form of literature is written with a reader or listener in mind. Ideally, it employs a tone capable of evoking emotions that may remind you of your past or propels you to the future. Does the text support your worldview? Cite a quotation in your essay to support your stance. Are any of your opinions strengthened or challenged? Write in detail (with quoted passages from the book to illustrate your point) why it moved you or failed to win you over. Does it tackle significant social issues? Give concrete examples from the book. Reflect upon how it portrays or addresses issues in society. Conclusion Go back to your thesis statement and summarize your critical analysis in one paragraph. You can also include your overall impression of the text and if you believe others will benefit from reading it. Remember that although this type of essay is centred on you as the reader, you are still writing a critical paper. Avoid using phrases like â€Å"in my opinion† and â€Å"I think.† Focus on the overall value of the work and back it up with textual evidence. The schedule of any student can get crowded and overwhelming. Get writing help from our professional team of experienced writers at .

Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Audit - Essay Example This report will look into the factors that make Best Western a success and those that limit its performance. The Best Western is a one of a kind place which offers an eclectic experience to all who stop by it. The property is spread out over 17 acres of lush gardens and knitted closely with the North Yorkshire Moors. Their food is their main attraction. There are three main Chapters in the essay. Chapter 1 - explores the background to the topic. This section looks into the market segments, the marketing mix and the trends that affect the productivity of the overall place. Changing needs, wants, attitudes and trends are mentioned as well as roots that cause of marketing problems. Chapter 2 - highlights the important points for the reader. This essay will make use of the PEST analysis to look into the political, economic, social and technological aspects that have an influence on Best Western. The SWOT analysis also was presented in the essay, that is an insight into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are faced by any businesses. Chapter 3 - provides both a summary of the research and conclusions made by the researcher. Some recommendations were mentioned, such as: Best Western needs to stop relying on its reputation and devise marketing strategies that actually go after the consumers and doesn’t wait for them to show up themselves. It also was suggested to increase productivity by adapting to the changes, that were brought in by the creative and technological industries.

Environmental Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Sustainability - Essay Example "Sustainability means using, developing and protecting resources at a rate and in a manner that enables people to meet their current needs and also provides that future generations can meet their own needs."(www.ezinearticles.com) When the aspect of Environmental Sustainability comes into the picture, numerous environmentalists have given numerous sets of causes, impact, and effects, that have contributed and led to environmental degradation. Numerous environmentalists have been discussing various causes for the degradation and the major three of them are discussed here. Firstly, the concept of growth of population is one of the main aspects of the various concepts put forth by scientists and environmentalists. It is largely felt that growth in world population has led to the greater demands for resources and has also been creating more and more demands for employment, social services, education, greater political and socio-economic efficacy.

South Korean Government vs. US Government Research Paper

South Korean Government vs. US Government - Research Paper Example The South Korean government and the U.S. government differ in terms of its basic structure, the branches of the government, electoral system, and political parties; however, they are similar in terms of corruption allegations and violations of human rights; and that the solution to these is an independent judiciary and a rigid constitution. Review of Literature First Argument: Differences The South Korean and the United States governments differ in terms of their basic structure, as well as in the branches of the government, especially in the legislative and executive branches. Moreover, both governments follow different electoral systems and political parties. Basic Structure. The South Korean government is presidential in nature except for the cabinet, which is partly parliamentary in carrying out its tasks. Moreover, the South Korean government is a central government that oversees all affairs of the nation and declares everything and all the laws are uniform throughout the countr y. The United States government, on the other hand, is based on the principle of federalism, where power is shared between federal and state governments. This is also a system where the autonomy of every State is recognized by the people. Each state, however, submits to the U.S. Constitution and to federal law when there is a dispute. Legislative Branch. The South Korean legislative body is known as the National Assembly of South Korea. It has 299 members who represent the four political parties of South Korea. The South Korean National Assembly formulates laws and does many things that any other legislative body of any democratic government would usually do, such as regulate the armed forces and make decisions regarding the national budget proposed by the executive branch (Savada & Shaw, 1990). On the other hand, the legislative body of the United States government is known as the Congress, which represents mostly two political parties – the Democratic and the Republican par ties, as well as Independent members. The United States Congress is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress is authorized to create laws, levy and collect taxes, issue patents, declare war and support the military, regulate military forces, create federal courts, establish infrastructures, and to regulate money. The United States Congress is made up of 435 members of the House of Representatives, representing every congressional district, each member serving two-year terms, and without any limit as to the number of terms its members may serve. The other component, the Senate, is made up of 100 members, two from each state, each serving six-year terms, without term limits. The role of the Senate is to approve Presidential appointments and to jointly approve bills with the Congress (Wilson & Dilulio, 2011). Executive Branch. The head of the South Korean executive branch is a president that is directly elected through national elections. The President serve s only one five-term year. The President is also the head of state and government as well as the commander-in-chief of the military. Just like many presidents of democratic countries, the South Korean President can declare a state of martial law, a state of emergency, or a state of war. He can also propose laws

Code-based Plagiarism Detection Techniques

Code-based Plagiarism Detection Techniques Biraj Upadhyaya and Dr. Samarjeet Borah Abstract- The copying of programming assignments by students specially at the undergraduate as well as postgraduate level is a common practice. Efficient mechanisms for detecting plagiarised code is therefore needed. Text based plagiarism detection techniques do not work well with source codes. In this paper we are going to analyse a code- based plagiarism detection technique which is employed by various plagiarism detection tools like JPlag, MOSS, CodeMatch etc. Introduction The word Plagiarism is derived from the Latin word plagiarie which means to kidnap or to abduct. In academicia or industry plagiarism refers to the act of copying materials without actually acknowledging the original source[1]. Plagiarism is considered as an ethical offence which may incur serious disciplinary actions such as sharp reduction in marks and even expulsion from the university in severe cases. Student plagiarism primarily falls into two categories: text-based plagiarism and code-based plagiarism. Instances of text based plagiarism includes word to word copy, paraphrasing, plagiarism of secondary sources, plagiarism of ideas, plagiarism of secondary sources, plagiarism of ideas, blunt plagiarism or authorship plagiarism etc. Plagiarism is considered code based when a student copies or modifies a program required to be submitted for a programming assignment. Code based plagiarism includes verbatim copying, changing comments, changing white space and formatting, renaming ide ntifiers, reordering code blocks, changing the order of operators/ operands in expression, changing data types, adding redundant statement or variables, replacing control structures with equivalent structures etc[2]. Background Text based plagiarism detection techniques do not work well with a coded input or a program. Experiments have suggested that text based systems ignore coding syntax, an indispensable part of any programming construct thus posing a serious drawback. To overcome this problem code-based plagiarism detection techniques were developed. Code-based plagiarism detection techniques can be classified into two categories viz. Attributed oriented plagiarism detection and Structure oriented plagiarism detection. Attribute oriented plagiarism detection systems measure properties of assignment submissions[3]. The following attributes are considered: Number of unique operators Number of unique operands Total number of occurrences of operators Total number of occurrences of operands Based on the above attributes, the degree of similarity of two programs can be considered. Structure oriented plagiarism detection systems deliberately ignore easily modifiable programming elements such as comments, additional white spaces and variable names. This makes this system less susceptible to addition of redundant information as compared to attribute oriented plagiarism detection systems. A student who is aware of this kind of plagiarism detection system being deployed at his institution would rather complete the assignment by himself/herself instead of working on a tedious and time consuming modification task. Scalable Plagiarism Detection Steven Burrows in his paper Efficient and Effective Plagiarism Detection for Large Code Repositories[3] provided an algorithm for code -based plagiarism detection. The algorithm comprises of the following steps: Tokenization Figure: 1.0 Let us consider a simple C program: #include int main( ) { int var; for (var=0; var { printf(%dn, var); } return 0; } Table 1.0: Token list for program in Figure 1.0. Here ALPHANAME refers to any function name, variable name or variable value. STRING refers to double enclosed character(s). The corresponding token stream for the program in Figure 1.0 is given as SNABjSNRANKNNJNNDDBjNA5ENBlgNl Now the above token is converted to N-gram representation. In our case the value of N is chosen as 4. The corresponding tokenization of the above token stream is shown below: SNAB NABj ABjS BjSN jSNR SNRA NRAN RANK ANKN NKNN KNNJ NNJN NJNN JNND NNDD NDDB DDBj DBjN BjNA jNA5 NA5E A5EN 5ENB ENBl NBlg BlgN lgNl These 4-grams are generated using the sliding window technique. The sliding window technique generates N-grams by moving a â€Å"window† of size N across all parts of the string from left to right of the token stream. The use of N-grams is an appropriate method of performing structural plagiarism detection because any change to the source code will only affect a few neighbouring N-grams. The modified version of the program will have a large percentage of unchanged N-grams, hence it will be easy to detect plagiarism in this program . Index Construction The second step is to create an inverted index of these N-grams . An inverted index consists of a lexicon and an inverted list. It is shown below: Table 2.0: Inverted Index Referring to above inverted index for mango, we can conclude that mango occurs in three documents in the collection. It occurs once in document no. 31, thrice in document no. 33 and twice in document no. 15. Similarly we can represent our 4-gram representation of Figure 1.0 with the help of an inverted index. The inverted index for any five 4-grams is shown below in Table 3.0. Table 3.0: Inverted Index Querying The next step is to query the index. It is understandable that each query is an N-gram representation of a program. For a token stream of t tokens, we require (t − n + 1) N-grams where n is the length of the N-gram . Each query returns the ten most similar programs matching the query program and these are organised from most similar to least similar. If the query program is one of the indexed programs, we would expect this result to produce the highest score. We assign a similarity score of 100% to the exact or top match[3]. All other programs are given a similarity score relative to the top score . Burrows experiment compared against an index of 296 programs shown in Table 4.0 presents the top ten results of one N-gram program file (0020.c). In this example, it is seen that the file scored against itself generates the highest relative score of 100.00%. This score is ignored, but it is used to generate a relative similarity score for all other results. We can also see that the program 0103.c is very similar to program 0020.c with a score of 93.34% . Rank Query Index Raw Similarity File File Score Score Table 4.0: Results of the program 0020.c compared to an index of 296 programs. Comparison of various Plagiarism Detection Tools 4.1 JPlag: The salient features of this tool are presented below: JPlag was developed in 1996 by Guido Malpohl It currently supports C, C++, C#, Java, Scheme and natural language text It is a free plagiarism detection tool It is use to detect software plagiarism among multiple set of source code files. JPlag uses Greedy String Tiling algorithm which produces matches ranked by average and maximum similarity. It is used to compare programs which have a large variation in size which is probably the result of inserting a dead code into the program to disguise the origin. Obtained results are displayed as a set of HTML pages in a form of a histogram which presents the statistics for analyzed files CodeMatch The salient features of this tool are presented below: It was developed by in 2003 by Bob Zeidman and under the licence of SAFE Corporation This program is available as a standalone application. It supports 26 different programming languages including C, C++, C#, Delphi, Flash ActionScript, Java, JavaScript, SQL etc It has a free version which allows only one trial comparison where the total of all files being examined doesn’t exceed the amount of 1 megabyte of data It is mostly used as forensic software in copyright infringement cases It determines the most highly correlated files placed in multiple directories and subdirectories by comparing their source code . Four types of matching algorithms are used: Statement Matching, Comment Matching, Instruction Sequence Matching and Identifier Matching . The results come in a form of HTML basic report that lists the most highly correlated pairs of files. MOSS The salient features of this plagiarism detection tool are as follows: The full form of MOSS is Measure of Software Similarity It was developed by Alex Aiken in 1994 It is provided as a free Internet service hosted by Stanford University and it can be used only if a user creates an account The program can analyze source code written in 26 programming languages including C, C++, Java, C#, Python, Pascal, Visual Basic, Perl etc. Files are submitted through the command line and the processing is performed on the Internet server The current form of a program is available only for the UNIX platforms MOSS uses Winnowing algorithm based on code-sequence matching and it analyses the syntax or the structure of the observed files MOSS maintains a database that stores an internal representation of programs and then looks for similarities between them Comparative Analysis Table Conclusion In this paper we learnt a structured code-based plagiarism technique known as Scalable Plagiarism Detection. Various processes like tokenization, indexing and query-indexing were also studied. We also studied various salient features of various code-based plagiarism detection tools like JPlag, CodeMatch and MOSS. References Gerry McAllister, Karen Fraser, Anne Morris, Stephen Hagen, Hazel White http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/resources/assessment/plagiarism/ Georgina Cosma , â€Å"An Approach to Source-Code Plagiarism Detection and Investigation Using Latent Semantic Analysis †, University of Warwick, Department of Computer Science, July 2008 Steven Burrows, â€Å"Efficient and Effective Plagiarism Detection for Large Code Repositories†, School of Computer Science and Information Technology , Melbourne, Australia, October 2004 Vedran Juric, Tereza Juric and Marija Tkalec ,†Performance Evaluation of Plagiarism Detection Method Based on the Intermediate Language †, University of Zagreb

The Merchant Of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

The Merchant of Venice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The playgoers of Shakespeare's times, a successful drama was one that combined a variety of action, along with a mixture of verse and prose in the language used. This variety was achieved, and character and atmosphere was summarized. Modern playwrights tend to describe their characters in detail in the stage directions, leaving very little for the reader to discover. However, Shakespeare's describing of a character is scarce. Usually, when reading Shakespeare's work, the audience has to detect the personality of the character by the character's action in the play, relationship towards other characters in the play , and most of all the character's manner of speech. Most of the times, the passages are of great poetic beauty discussing love, dramatic speeches filled with bombast, humorous speeches, and mischievous wordplays.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Passages of great poetic beauty discussing love are very common in all of Shakespeare's texts. For example in The Merchant of Venice, before Bassanio is about to select the correct casket, he is urged by Portia to delay his selection in case he fails. However Bassanio wishes to continue. Portia:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I pray you tarry, pause a day or two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you hazard, for in choosing wrong   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I lose your company. Therefore forbear awhile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There's something tells me (but it is not love) I would not lose you, and you know yourself   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hate consels not in such a quality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But lest you should not understand my well-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And yet a maiden hath no tongue but thought-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I would detatin you here some month or two   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you venture for me. I could teach you   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How to choose right, but then I am forsworn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So will I never be; so may you miss me;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But if you do, you'll make me wish a sin-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That I had been forsworn. Beshrew your eyes!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have o'erlooked me and divided me;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One half of me is yours, the other half yours-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mine own, I would say, but if mine, then yours,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And so all yours! O, these naughty times   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put bars between the owners and their rights!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And so, though yours, not yours. Prove it so,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let Fortune go to hell for it, not I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I speak too long, but 'tis to piece the time,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To eke it, and to draw it out in length,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To stay you from election. Bassanio:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let me choose,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For as I am , I live upon the rack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This love dialogue between Bassanio and Portia before he chooses is filled with elegant connotation. They are both respective and responsive to one anothe, and they understand each other instantly.